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更新于：2026-08-23
Nitrofurantoin
呋喃妥因
更新于：2026-08-23
概要
基本信息
简介Nitrofurantoin是一种抗生素，由Procter & Gamble研发。它于1953年2月6日在美国首次获批。尼托芬妥的适应症为治疗泌尿道感染，作用机制为抑制细菌DNA的复制，从而达到杀菌的效果。常见的副作用包括恶心、食欲不振、腹泻和头痛。 |
药物类型 小分子化药 |
别名 1-((5-nitro-2-furanyl)methylene)amino-2,4-imidazolidenedione、1-((5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino)hydantoin、5-Nitrofurantoin + [18] |
靶点 |
作用方式 抑制剂 |
作用机制 DNA抑制剂(DNA抑制剂) |
非在研适应症 |
权益机构- |
最高研发阶段批准上市 |
首次获批日期 美国 (1953-02-06), |
最高研发阶段(中国)批准上市 |
特殊审评- |
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结构/序列
分子式C8H6N4O5 |
InChIKeyNXFQHRVNIOXGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS号67-20-9 |
关联
68
项与 呋喃妥因 相关的临床试验NCT07648290
Self-Start Triage Model for Post-Botox® Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
The primary objective of this study is to investigate whether providing a standing, take-home prescription for empiric Macrobid (self-start model) is superior to standard call-in/urgent care triage (triage model) among patients undergoing intradetrusor Botox®. Urinary tract infections. (UTIs) are the most common complication with intradetrusor Botox®, and patients have to call in to the triage line or present to a health care facility to be evaluated. Thus, the research team will compare Unplanned Healthcare Utilization, i.e. the frequency of triage calls, MyChart messages, Urgent Care visits, and Emergency Department visits related to urinary symptoms, between participants in the self-start intervention group and those in the triage control group. The team hypothesizes that patients in the "self-start" intervention group will demonstrate a lower frequency of healthcare utilization events when compared to those in the standard of care control.
开始日期2026-07-31 |
CTRI/2026/06/113127
Comparative evaluation of nitrofurantoin versus tobradex as intracanal medicament alleviating postoperative pain in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: A randomized clinical trial - NIL
开始日期2026-07-10 |
申办/合作机构- |
NCT06907199
A Multicentric Randomized Trial of Daily Nitrofurantoin Versus Bladder Fulguration Plus Daily Nitrofurantoin for the Long-term Management of Cystitis in Women With Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if the drug Nitrofurantoin (NF) taken as a daily antibiotic, works to treat cystitis compared to electrofulguration (EF) and Nitrofurantoin (NF) daily antibiotic.
开始日期2026-04-06 |
100 项与 呋喃妥因 相关的临床结果
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100 项与 呋喃妥因 相关的转化医学
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100 项与 呋喃妥因 相关的专利（医药）
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8,482
项与 呋喃妥因 相关的文献（医药）2026-12-31·Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
A point prevalence survey on antibiotic dispensing practices identifies targets for quality improvement of antimicrobial stewardship in community pharmacies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Article
作者: Majigo, Mtebe ; Joachim, Agricola ; Masoud, Salim ; Blomberg, Bjørn ; Kamori, Doreen ; Migiro, Mary ; Manyahi, Joel ; Kibwana, Upendo
Background:
Inappropriate antibiotic use is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where over-the-counter antibiotics are readily available without a prescription. This study assessed antibiotic dispensing practices in community pharmacies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Methodology:
From February to March 2025, a point prevalence survey was conducted in 100 community pharmacies in Dar es Salaam. Researchers approached existing customers, obtained consent, and conducted confidential interviews. Five participants were enrolled per pharmacy, for a total of 500 participants.
Results:
Overall, 64% (320/500) of community pharmacy attendees were dispensed antibiotics, of whom 71% (227/320) received them without a prescription. Access-group antibiotics were most frequently dispensed (56%, 201/356), followed by Watch (32%, 115/356) and Reserve groups (3%, 10/356), with metronidazole (15%, 53/356) and azithromycin (12%, 44/356) being the most commonly dispensed antibiotics. Urinary tract infection (UTI) was the leading indication (37%, 119/320), mainly treated with azithromycin (25%, 35/138), ciprofloxacin (12%, 16/138), and nitrofurantoin (7%, 9/138). Among antibiotic recipients, 44% (140/320) received antibiotics based on dispensers' recommendations. Ceftriaxone was commonly dispensed with prescriptions, while all Reserve antibiotics were dispensed without prescriptions. Participants with technical/vocational education (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.38, 95% CI: 1.13-1.68, p = 0.001) were more likely to be dispensed antibiotics than those with no formal education or primary and secondary education, and a borderline association was found for college/university education (aPR, 1.22, 95% CI: 0.99 - 1.48, p = 0.05). The presence of an underlying medical condition was an independent protective factor against antibiotic dispensing (aPR, 0.70; 95% CI: 0.49-0.88; p = 0.005).
Conclusion:
Most clients attending community pharmacies in Dar es Salaam receive antibiotics without prescriptions, often based on dispensers' recommendations. The widespread use of Watch and Reserve antibiotics without oversight highlights major regulatory gaps and the urgent need for stronger policy enforcement and antimicrobial stewardship.
2026-10-01·SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
A stable Cd(II) metal-organic framework as a fluorescence sensor for nitrofuran antibiotics and vitamin B1/B9 in living cells
Article
作者: Zhang, Man-Lian ; Wen, He-Rui ; Zhong, Fang-Sen ; Chen, Jing-Lin ; Cao, Chen ; Wu, Yongquan ; Li, Zhi-Yuan ; Chen, Qinglin ; Zheng, Teng-Fei ; Liu, Sui-Jun
The escalating threat of antibiotic resistance, fueled by drug misuse, coupled with the health risks posed by vitamin deficiencies, underscores a critical demand for efficient detection technologies. Herein, a novel V-shaped organic compound containing 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD) group, 4,4'-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-5,6-diyl)dibenzoic acid (H2BTDA), has been designed and synthesized. Further, a Cd(II) metal-organic framework (MOF) has been successfully prepared with the formula {[Cd(BTDA)]∙0.5DMF}n, (JXUST-61, where JXUST denotes Jiangxi University of Science and Technology). Interestingly, JXUST-61 exhibits a three-dimensional (4,8)-connected with alb-4,8-Fddd topological structure, which shows solvent-stability after soaking in organic solvents for at least 24 h. JXUST-61 is capable of rapidly detecting nitrofuran antibiotics (furacilin, nitrofurantoin, and furazolidone) via a fluorescence quenching effect with remarkably low detection limits (0.208, 0.265, and 0.168 μM, respectively). Simultaneously, it demonstrates outstanding fluorescence recognition for VB1 and VB9, achieving the detection limits of 0.189 and 0.291 μM, respectively. More importantly, it has good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity to sense VB1 and VB9 in living cells. Therefore, JXUST-61 functions as a highly efficient multi-functional fluorescent probe, offering a novel strategy for the real-time monitoring of antibiotic residues and the diagnosis of vitamin deficiency-related health conditions.
2026-09-01·MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Beyond dormancy: Active DNA repair and protein synthesis drive antibiotic tolerance and enable synergistic eradication
Article
作者: Heng, Heng ; Zheng, Jiaqi ; Tang, Yang ; Ye, Lianwei ; Wan, Yingkun ; Chen, Sheng ; Chan, Edward Wai-Chi
The unresponsiveness of bacterial tolerant cells to antibiotics has been attributed to physiological dormancy triggered by environmental stresses. Interestingly, after a 24 - hour treatment, the tolerant cells became susceptible to ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin, which target DNA, as well as gentamicin, which targets protein synthesis, with distinct combinational effects. However, they remained resistant to ampicillin, which targets the cell wall. The mechanism study revealed that the activities of protein synthesis and DNA repair in tolerant bacteria formed during nutrient starvation remained at a high level and only gradually decreased during six days of starvation. Meanwhile, the reduction in energy production (ATP level), antioxidant defense (ROS level), and efflux functions led to an increased susceptibility of the bacterial tolerant subpopulation to antibiotics. These findings confirm that bacterial tolerant cells remain physiologically active, and inhibiting protein synthesis and DNA repair presents promising opportunities for combating bacterial tolerance with existing antibiotics.
121
项与 呋喃妥因 相关的新闻（医药）2026-08-21
2026版更新的核心内容一、更新概览
2026年3月1日，美国感染病学会（IDSA）发布了《抗微生物药物耐药革兰阴性菌感染治疗指南》的2026年更新版（Version 5.0），该版本取代了此前所有早期版本。本次更新涵盖了六大类耐药病原体——产超广谱β-内酰胺酶肠杆菌目细菌（ESBL-E）、产AmpC β-内酰胺酶肠杆菌目细菌（AmpC-E）、碳青霉烯耐药肠杆菌目细菌（CRE）、难治性耐药铜绿假单胞菌（DTR P. aeruginosa）、碳青霉烯耐药鲍曼不动杆菌（CRAB）及嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌（S. maltophilia）——的治疗建议。
与2024版相比，2026版更新在以下方面有显著变化：
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更新维度
核心变化
临床意义新型口服药物
纳入吉泊达星（gepotidacin，暂译）、匹美西林、硫培南三款新获批口服药物
显著扩展ESBL-E uUTI的口服治疗选择，减少碳青霉烯类使用新型BL/BLI组合
纳入头孢吡肟-恩美唑巴坦、氨曲南-阿维巴坦、静脉磷霉素
新增ESBL-E和NDM-E的靶向治疗选项AmpC-E风险分层
引入"中风险/低风险"二层分类，弃用传统SPACE/SPICE助记法
更精准的风险评估，指导抗生素选择CRAB治疗
延续舒巴坦-度洛巴坦联合碳青霉烯类为首选方案
强化ATTACK试验证据支持的首选地位S. maltophilia
氨曲南-阿维巴坦新增为推荐方案
填补了MBL产生菌株的治疗空白二、三款新型口服药物
2026版IDSA指南最重要的更新之一，是纳入三款在2024-2025年间获得FDA批准的新型口服抗菌药物，显著扩展了ESBL-E引起的非复杂性尿路感染（uUTI）的口服治疗选择。2.1 吉泊达星
吉泊达星是首个三氮杂苊烯类（triazaacenaphthylene）抗生素，于2025年3月获FDA批准用于uUTI治疗。其独特的作用机制是通过与DNA旋转酶和拓扑异构酶IV上的独特结合位点结合，抑制细菌DNA复制，因此即使存在对氟喹诺酮类耐药的靶点特异性突变，也不会导致对吉泊达星的交叉耐药。
体外活性：吉泊达星对超过90%的ESBL-E分离株具有活性。在两项随机对照临床试验（EAGLE-2和EAGLE-3）中，比较5日吉泊达星与5日呋喃妥因治疗ESBL产酶大肠埃希菌uUTI女性患者的疗效，吉泊达星组的治疗成功率数值上更优（第一项试验：70% [35/50] vs 63% [25/40]；第二项试验：68% [23/34] vs 40% [10/25]）。
指南推荐：吉泊达星与氨基糖苷类（单次剂量）、呋喃妥因、匹美西林、硫培南和甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲噁唑并列为ESBL-E所致uUTI的首选治疗选项。对于CRE所致uUTI，吉泊达星作为替代选项。最常见的不良事件为轻至中度腹泻。
剂量：uUTI：1.5 g口服，每12小时一次。2.2 匹美西林
匹美西林是一种口服青霉素类前体药物，在体内转化为活性成分美西林（mecillinam），已在国际市场使用数十年，于2024年4月在美国获批。其独特结构使其对大多数β-内酰胺酶不易成为底物。
体外活性：匹美西林对超过90%的ESBL-E分离株具有活性。三日疗程在uUTI女性患者中的治疗成功率约为75-95%。观察性研究提示ESBL-E uUTI的失败风险高于非ESBL-E uUTI，但更高剂量（400 mg每日三次）下未观察到这一差异。
指南推荐：匹美西林为ESBL-E所致uUTI的首选治疗选项之一。其窄谱抗菌谱和低耐药选择压力支持其作为首选药物的地位。指南建议的剂量（370 mg每日三次）与FDA批准的标签剂量有所不同。
对CRE的活性：在CRE分离株中，美西林对不同碳青霉烯酶类型的敏感性差异显著：KPC产生菌株中为0%（0/174），NDM-E中为71%（1,094株中），OXA-48-E中为84%（4,042株中），非碳青霉烯酶产生CRE中为70%（2,349株中）。因此，了解碳青霉烯酶类型对匹美西林的选用至关重要。2.3 硫培南
硫培南是一种新型硫青霉素类抗生素，其口服前体药物制剂硫培南乙酯与丙磺舒（probenecid）共同配制，于2024年10月获FDA批准。
体外活性：硫培南对超过95%的ESBL-E分离株具有活性。在ESBL-E uUTI患者中，5日硫培南疗程的治疗成功率（综合临床和微生物学应答）与3日环丙沙星疗程相似（56% [41/73] vs 47% [34/72]）。
指南推荐：硫培南为ESBL-E所致uUTI的首选治疗选项之一。最常见的不良事件为轻度腹泻。值得注意的是，丙磺舒可抑制肾小管分泌，可能增加其他药物（如甲氨蝶呤、哌拉西林、磺胺类药物）的血浆浓度。
cUTI数据：在一项随机试验中，硫培南治疗cUTI的复合终点（第21天临床和微生物学应答）未能达到非劣效性（68% [301/444] vs 74% [325/440]），但临床成功率相似（89% [397/444] vs 88% [389/440]），ESBL阳性感染患者的总体良好应答率也相似（72% [79/110] vs 68% [85/125]）。三、新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂（BL/BLI）组合3.1 头孢吡肟-恩美唑巴坦
头孢吡肟-恩美唑巴坦是一种新型BL/BLI组合，于2024年获批。恩美唑巴坦是一种青霉烷砜类β-内酰胺酶抑制剂，对ESBL和部分A类碳青霉烯酶（KPC）具有抑制活性，但对B类金属β-内酰胺酶（MBL，如NDM）无抑制活性，对部分D类（OXA）酶活性有限。
指南推荐：头孢吡肟-恩美唑巴坦被列为ESBL-E所致肾盂肾炎/cUTI和尿路外感染的首选治疗方案之一。当耐药性、可及性或耐受性阻碍使用首选或替代药物时，也可用于ESBL-E uUTI。
剂量：2.5 g（2 g头孢吡肟 + 0.5 g恩美唑巴坦）IV，每8小时一次，输注2小时；肌酐清除率≥130 mL/min时调整为每8小时一次，输注4小时。3.2 氨曲南-阿维巴坦
氨曲南-阿维巴坦是2026版指南中最重要的新增药物之一。氨曲南对金属β-内酰胺酶（MBL）具有天然稳定性，但可被ESBL和AmpC酶水解；阿维巴坦可抑制丝氨酸β-内酰胺酶（包括ESBL、AmpC、KPC和OXA-48），保护氨曲南不被水解。这一组合对产MBL的肠杆菌目细菌（NDM-E）和嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌均具有独特活性。
指南推荐：NDM-E
：氨曲南-阿维巴坦被列为肾盂肾炎/cUTI和尿路外感染的首选治疗方案。对于CRE所致uUTI，氨曲南-阿维巴坦等静脉药物虽可能有效，但建议保留用于其他方案不可行的情况。S. maltophilia
：氨曲南-阿维巴坦新增为侵袭性感染的治疗选项。其机制在于L2头孢菌素酶可被阿维巴坦抑制，使氨曲南能够到达并结合PBP3靶点。监测数据显示超过90%的S. maltophilia分离株MIC ≤4/4 µg/mL。
剂量：负荷剂量2.67 g（2 g氨曲南 + 0.67 g阿维巴坦）IV一次，输注3小时；维持剂量2 g（1.5 g氨曲南 + 0.5 g阿维巴坦）IV，每6小时一次，输注3小时。3.3 静脉磷霉素（Fosfomycin IV）
静脉磷霉素于2025年10月获FDA批准，被纳入ESBL-E所致cUTI的替代治疗方案。其口服制剂（磷霉素氨丁三醇）仍为ESBL产酶大肠埃希菌uUTI的替代选项。
剂量：cUTI：6 g IV，每8小时一次，输注1小时；uUTI：3 g口服，单次剂量。四、AmpC-E风险分层体系
2026版IDSA指南在AmpC-E管理方面引入了重要的概念更新——弃用传统的SPACE/SPICE助记法，转而采用基于去阻遏（derepression）风险的分层体系。4.1 中风险组（Moderate Risk）
以下菌种被归类为临床显著诱导性AmpC产生的中等风险：阴沟肠杆菌复合群（Enterobacter cloacae complex）产气克雷伯菌（Klebsiella aerogenes，原产气肠杆菌）弗氏柠檬酸杆菌（Citrobacter freundii）
体外数据提示，Hafnia alvei可能具有相似的诱导性AmpC潜力，也可归入同一风险类别。
治疗建议：对于中风险菌种引起的侵袭性感染，IDSA推荐头孢吡肟或碳青霉烯类作为首选治疗，避免使用第三代头孢菌素（如头孢曲松、头孢他啶），因其与临床相关的AmpC去阻遏风险（5-40%）和治疗失败相关。4.2 低风险组（Low Risk）
以下菌种被归类为临床显著诱导性AmpC产生的低风险：黏质沙雷菌（Serratia marcescens）摩根摩根菌（Morganella morganii）普罗威登斯菌属（Providencia spp.）蜂房哈夫尼亚菌（Hafnia alvei）小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌（Yersinia enterocolitica）
低风险菌种的实际去阻遏风险估计<5%，且AmpC酶产量较中风险菌种低约10倍（Tebano等，2024）。
治疗建议：对于低风险菌种，第三代头孢菌素在特定情况下（如非重症感染、尿路感染）仍可考虑使用，但侵袭性感染仍建议谨慎（Tebano等，2024）。4.3 临床意义
这一分层体系的引入，旨在帮助临床医生更精准地评估不同AmpC产生菌种的治疗风险，避免对低风险菌种过度使用碳青霉烯类，同时对中风险菌种保持警惕。头孢吡肟因其对AmpC水解的稳定性且为弱诱导剂，被推荐为中风险AmpC-E感染的首选药物。五、CRAB治疗更新5.1 舒巴坦-度洛巴坦（SUL-DUR）的首选地位
2026版IDSA指南延续了2024年更新中的推荐，将舒巴坦-度洛巴坦（sulbactam-durlobactam, SUL-DUR）联合碳青霉烯类（亚胺培南或美罗培南）作为侵袭性CRAB感染的首选治疗。
关键证据：ATTACK试验（III期随机对照试验）纳入125例CRAB肺炎或血流感染患者，结果显示舒巴坦-度洛巴坦联合亚胺培南组的28天生存率高于多黏菌素联合亚胺培南组（81% [51/63] vs 68% [42/62]），临床治愈率也显著更优（62% [39/63] vs 40% [25/62]）。
作用机制：舒巴坦通过结合PBP1a/1b和PBP3发挥对鲍曼不动杆菌的直接杀菌活性；度洛巴坦作为二氮杂二环辛烷（DBO）类β-内酰胺酶抑制剂，可抑制A类、C类和D类（包括OXA型碳青霉烯酶）丝氨酸β-内酰胺酶。碳青霉烯类（亚胺培南优先结合PBP2）的加入通过互补PBP结合增强抗菌活性。5.2 桥接治疗方案
若舒巴坦-度洛巴坦无法立即获得，大剂量氨苄西林-舒巴坦（舒巴坦组分日总剂量9 g）联合至少一种其他活性药物（如头孢德罗（cefiderocol）、米诺环素或多黏菌素B）可作为临时桥接治疗，但仅限于舒巴坦-度洛巴坦启用前的过渡期。5.3 头孢德罗的定位
头孢德罗被列为侵袭性CRAB感染的替代方案，仅当耐药性排除舒巴坦-度洛巴坦使用或作为等待舒巴坦-度洛巴坦的桥接治疗时，且需联合第二种药物使用。CREDIBLE-CR试验中CRAB亚组的数据显示，头孢德罗组的28天死亡率为38%（16/42），高于最佳可用疗法组的18%（3/17），这一定位提供了依据。六、DTR-PA治疗更新
对于DTR铜绿假单胞菌引起的cUTI，IDSA（2026）推荐以下四种新型β-内酰胺类药物（按字母顺序排列，无优先顺序）为首选治疗：
头孢德罗
头孢他啶-阿维巴坦（Ceftazidime-Avibactam）
头孢洛生-他唑巴坦（Ceftolozane-Tazobactam）
亚胺培南-瑞来巴坦（Imipenem-Relebactam）
现有数据不足以优先推荐其中任何一种药物。然而，鉴于头孢德罗对NDM-E和非发酵革兰阴性菌具有独特活性，建议考虑将其保留用于其他AMR感染。
每日一次的阿米卡星或妥布霉素作为DTR-PA cUTI的替代治疗。
对于DTR-PA引起的尿路外感染，上述四种新型β-内酰胺类药物同样为首选，头孢德罗为替代方案。对于DTR-PA引起的呼吸道感染，不建议使用雾化抗生素。七、S. maltophilia治疗更新
2026版指南在嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌治疗方面的重要更新是纳入氨曲南-阿维巴坦作为推荐方案。
机制基础：S. maltophilia产生的L1金属β-内酰胺酶可水解所有β-内酰胺类（除氨曲南外），而L2头孢菌素酶可水解氨曲南。阿维巴坦可抑制L2头孢菌素酶，使氨曲南能够到达并结合PBP3靶点。
首选方案：头孢德罗仍为S. maltophilia侵袭性感染的首选治疗，监测数据显示其敏感性接近100%。
新推荐方案：氨曲南-阿维巴坦作为新的治疗选项被纳入。虽然CLSI和FDA尚未建立针对S. maltophilia的折点，但监测数据显示>90%的分离株MIC ≤4/4 µg/mL。八、CRE治疗更新
2026版指南保持了按碳青霉烯酶类型分层推荐CRE治疗的策略，同时新增了药物选项。8.1 CRE uUTI
对于CRE所致uUTI，首选治疗包括氨基糖苷类（单次剂量）、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、呋喃妥因或甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲噁唑，尽管CRE对这些药物的敏感性可能较低。
替代方案包括：多黏菌素、口服磷霉素（仅限大肠埃希菌）、吉泊达星或匹美西林。
多种静脉药物（如氨曲南-阿维巴坦、头孢德罗、头孢他啶-阿维巴坦、磷霉素[优先用于大肠埃希菌]、亚胺培南-瑞来巴坦、美罗培南-法硼巴坦）可能有效，但建议保留用于其他选项不可行的情况。8.2 CRE肾盂肾炎/cUTI和尿路外感染
按酶型分层的推荐如下：
← 左右滑动查看完整表格 →
酶型
首选方案
替代方案
KPC-E
头孢他啶-阿维巴坦、亚胺培南-瑞来巴坦、美罗培南-法硼巴坦
头孢德罗、头孢吡肟-恩美唑巴坦*
NDM-E
头孢德罗、氨曲南-阿维巴坦
头孢他啶-阿维巴坦+氨曲南
OXA-48-E
头孢他啶-阿维巴坦
头孢德罗、亚胺培南-瑞来巴坦
头孢吡肟-恩美唑巴坦对KPC的活性有限，需结合药敏结果判断。九、一般管理建议更新9.1 经验性治疗考量
IDSA（2026）明确不提供经验性治疗的具体建议，但提出经验性选药应考虑以下因素：最可能的病原体、疾病严重程度、疑似感染源、患者个体因素、过去12个月内的微生物学数据及药敏结果、前3个月内的抗生素暴露史，以及当地流行病学和累积药敏数据。
指南特别强调区分感染与定植的重要性，并指出常用经验性方案通常对CRAB和S. maltophilia缺乏活性。9.2 疗程建议
IDSA（2026）不提供具体的治疗时长建议，但指出AMR病原体感染的疗程一般无需与敏感病原体感染者不同。若经验性方案对病原体无体外活性但患者已临床改善（如uUTI），通常无需更换方案或延长疗程。对于cUTI，若经验性治疗无效，应更换为敏感药物，疗程从启用有效治疗开始计算。9.3 静脉转口服（IV-to-Oral Transition）
推荐在满足以下条件时考虑转口服治疗：
1. 病原体对合适的口服药物敏感
2. 患者血流动力学稳定
3. 有可在感染部位达到足够浓度的口服药物
4. 预计胃肠道吸收充分十、更新总结与临床意义
2026版IDSA AMR指南更新的核心主题是"扩展治疗选择与精准化推荐"。三款新型口服药物的纳入，显著扩展了ESBL-E uUTI的口服治疗谱，有望减少碳青霉烯类药物的过度使用。氨曲南-阿维巴坦的纳入填补了NDM-E和S. maltophilia的治疗空白。AmpC-E风险分层体系的引入，标志着IDSA指南在抗生素管理方面向更精细化方向迈进。
总体而言，2026版更新反映了AMR治疗领域的快速进展——新型抗菌药物从临床试验进入临床实践，指南需要不断更新以跟上这一步伐。正如IDSA（2026）所述："AMR领域高度动态，本文档截至2026年3月1日，将定期更新。"参考文献
[1] IDSA. Infectious Diseases Society of America 2026 Guidance on the Treatment of Antimicrobial-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2026. (www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/amr-guidance/)
[2] Tamma PD, Bonomo RA, Heil EL, et al. IDSA 2026 Guidance on the Treatment of Antimicrobial Resistant Gram-Negative Infections. 2026.
[3] Wagenlehner F, Perry CR, Hooton TM, et al. Oral gepotidacin versus nitrofurantoin in patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infection (EAGLE-2 and EAGLE-3): two randomised, controlled, double-blind, double-dummy, phase 3, non-inferiority trials. Lancet. 2024;403(10428):741-755.
[4] Watkins RR, Thapaliya D, Lemonovich TL, Bonomo RA. Gepotidacin: a novel, oral, 'first-in-class' triazaacenaphthylene antibiotic for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections and urogenital gonorrhoea. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2023;78(5):1137-1142.
[5] Hackel MA, Karlowsky JA, Sahm DF, West JM, Scangarella-Oman NE. In vitro activity of gepotidacin against urinary tract infection isolates of Enterobacterales, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2025;69(6):e0029625.
[6] Tebano G, Zaghi I, Cricca M, Cristini F. Antibiotic Treatment of Infections Caused by AmpC-Producing Enterobacterales. Pharmacy. 2024;12(5):142.
[7] Tamma PD, Harris PNA, Mathers AJ, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024 Guidance on the Treatment of Antimicrobial-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2024.
[8] Kaye KS, Shorr AF, Wunderink RG, et al. ATTACK trial: Sulbactam-durlobactam versus colistin for the treatment of patients with infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023;23(9):1072-1084.
[9] Scangarella-Oman NE, Butler DL, Breton J, et al. Efficacy and in vitro activity of gepotidacin against bacterial uropathogens, including drug-resistant phenotypes, in females with uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2025;69(10):e0164024.
2026-08-09
Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 1
临床传染病学 82卷1期
https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/
ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病学技艺）
1
Peasants' Revolt, 1381
1381年农民起义
Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf692
In the Literature（文献概览）
2
In the Literature
文献概览
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages ii–iii, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf631
State-of-the-Art Review（最新技术综述）
3
State-of-the-Art Review: Diagnosis and Management of Acute and Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis
最新技术综述：急性和慢性细菌性前列腺炎的诊断与治疗
Prathit A Kulkarni and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf483
Clinical Dilemmas in Infectious Diseases（传染病临床难题）
4
“Insisting on Treatment”
“坚持治疗”
Kevin Andrew Smith and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 14–18, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf282
Voices of ID（传染病之声）
5
Martin Arrowsmith and Me
马丁·阿罗史密斯与我
Janet R Gilsdorf
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 19–20, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf277
Invited Commentary（特邀述评）
6
The 2025 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Nonoccupational HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis Guidelines: Updated Regimens and Remaining Questions
2025年美国疾病控制与预防中心非职业性艾滋病毒暴露后预防指南：更新方案及遗留问题
Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz and Kenneth H Mayer
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 21–24, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf567
Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship（抗菌药物耐药性与管控）
7
Modeling the Impact and Cost of a Culture-Dependent Molecular Test for Antimicrobial Resistance in Resource-Limited Settings
资源有限环境下，基于培养的分子检测法对抗菌药物耐药性的影响和成本建模
Joshua M Chevalier and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 25–32, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf236
8
The Xpert MTB/RIF Cycle Threshold Value Predicts Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission to Close Contacts in a Brazilian Prospective Multicenter Cohort
巴西一项前瞻性多中心队列研究中Xpert MTB/RIF循环阈值可预测结核分枝杆菌在密切接触者中的传播
Leandro S Garcia and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 33–41, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad794
9
Beyond Diagnosis: Xpert Cycle Threshold Values as Predictors of Tuberculosis Transmission
超越诊断：Xpert循环阈值作为结核病传播的预测指标
Lauren Linde and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 42–43, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad791
10
First Report of Treatment-Emergent Resistance to Cefepime-Zidebactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
铜绿假单胞菌在头孢吡肟-齐德巴坦治疗中出现耐药性的首例报告
Ava J Dorazio and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 44–48, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf638
Clinical Practice and Policy（临床实践与政策）
11
Sputum and Tongue Swab Molecular Testing for the In-Home Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Unselected Household Contacts: A Cost and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
痰液和舌拭子分子检测用于未筛选家庭接触者结核病居家诊断的成本及成本效益分析
Charl Bezuidenhout and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 49–57, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf389
12
You’ve Got a Friend in Me: Curbside Questions Infectious Diseases Clinicians Ask Infectious Diseases Pharmacists
我是你的朋友：传染病临床医生向传染病药剂师咨询的即兴问题
Matthew R Davis and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 58–61, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf250
13
Home Testing for Contagious Illness: Historical Context and Modern Caveats
传染性疾病居家检测：历史背景与现代注意事项
Abigail Zuger
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 62–66, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf623
Fungal Infections（真菌感染）
14
Evaluating the Use of Lower Dose Flucytosine for the Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Clinical Trial
评估低剂量氟胞嘧啶治疗隐球菌性脑膜炎的临床试验
Morris K Rutakingirwa and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 67–74, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf432
15
Association Between Duration of Candidemia and Clinical and Healthcare Resource Utilization Outcomes Among Hospitalized Adult Patients With Candidemia Who Received Empiric Treatment With an Echinocandin Across United States Hospitals
美国各医院中接受棘白菌素经验性治疗的念珠菌血症成年住院患者中，念珠菌血症持续时间与临床和医疗资源利用结局之间的关联
Thomas P Lodise and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 75–85, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf472
16
Aspergillosis-Attributable Mortality in the United States: Analysis of Death Certificate Data
美国隐球菌病导致的死亡率分析：基于死亡证明数据
Thomas J Walsh and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 86–92, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf653
HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病）
17
Outcomes of Critical Illness in People With Advanced HIV Disease: 30 Years of Binational Data
晚期艾滋病患者危重症结局：30年的双国数据
Bryan Tan and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 93–99, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf362
18
Phase 2 Trial of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and VRC07-523LS for Viral Suppression in Adults With HIV-1: ACTG A5357
长效卡博特韦和VRC07-523LS用于HIV-1感染成人病毒抑制的2期试验：ACTG A5357
Babafemi O Taiwo and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 100–108, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf375
19
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine in a National Cohort of People With HIV-1: First Results From the ANRS-MIE CARLAPOP Study
全国HIV-1感染者队列中长效卡博特韦和利匹韦林的治疗药物监测：ANRS-MIE CARLAPOP研究的首批结果
Nadège Néant and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 109–118, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf385
20
Is Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine of Clinical Utility?
长效卡博特韦和利匹韦林的治疗药物监测是否具有临床实用性？
Catia Marzolini
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 119–121, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf386
21
Efficacy and Safety of Dual Therapy With Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Treatment-naive Persons With CD4 Counts <200/mm3: 48-Week Results of the DOLCE Study
多替拉韦/拉米夫定双药治疗在CD4计数<200/mm³的初治患者中的疗效和安全性：DOLCE研究48周结果
Maria Ines Figueroa and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 122–131, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf415
22
DOLCE: Sweet Success for Dolutegravir/Lamivudine?
DOLCE研究：多替拉韦/拉米夫定双药治疗是否取得完美成功？
Laura J Waters
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 132–133, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf416
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（感染控制与医院流行病学）
23
Real-Time Genomic Surveillance for Enhanced Healthcare Outbreak Detection and Control: Clinical and Economic Impact
实时基因组监测用于加强医疗保健机构疫情检测与控制：临床与经济影响
Alexander J Sundermann and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 134–141, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf216
24
Patient Perspectives Regarding Different Contact Precaution Policies for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Across Two Hospitals: Patients Are in Favor of Contact Precautions
两家医院患者对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌不同接触预防政策的态度：患者支持接触预防措施
Nicholas F Angelino and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 142–144, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf330
Photo Quiz（影像问答）
25
The Clue That Wriggled into View
蜿蜒入目的线索
Nitin Gupta and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 145–147, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf427
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（感染控制与医院流行病学）
26
Comparing Generative Artificial Intelligence vs Experts for Detection of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
比较生成式人工智能与专家在导管相关尿路感染检测中的应用
Shatha Alshanqeeti and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 148–150, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf486
Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染）
27
Viability of Chlamydia trachomatis in Different Anatomical Sites—a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
不同解剖部位沙眼衣原体的存活能力——系统综述和荟萃分析
Arthur Wong and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 151–158, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae401
Photo Quiz（影像问答）
28
A 46-Year-Old With Persistent Altered Mental Status and Respiratory Failure
一例46岁患者持续出现意识状态改变伴呼吸衰竭
Ann F Yang and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 159–161, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf439
Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染）
29
Mpox in People With HIV: Predictors of Diagnosis, Outcomes, and Vaccine Effectiveness in a Multisite Cohort
HIV感染者中的猴痘：多站点队列中诊断、预后和疫苗有效性的预测因素
Michalina Montaño and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 162–172, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae464
30
Development and Evaluation of a Novel Algorithm to Identify Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis Users at a Large Healthcare System in the Bronx, New York
开发和评估一种新型算法，用于识别纽约布朗克斯区一家大型医疗系统中多西环素暴露后预防用药者
Caroline E Mullis and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 173–176, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf109
31
Evidence-Informed Provision of Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis for Prevention of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections
为预防细菌性性传播感染提供基于证据的多西环素暴露后预防用药
Julia C Dombrowski and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages 177–184, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae527
Bacterial Infections（细菌性感染）
32
Long-term Mortality Trends Among Individuals With Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Individuals Diagnosed With Tuberculosis in Brazil
巴西结核病患者的长期死亡率趋势：一项针对巴西结核病诊断患者的回顾性队列研究
Sun Kim and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e1–e8, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf206
33
Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Meningococcal Eye Infections: Retrospective National Surveillance in England, 2010–2022
脑膜炎球菌眼部感染的临床和微生物学特征：2010 - 2022年英格兰全国回顾性监测
Stephen A Clark and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e9–e16, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf274
34
Does Piperacillin-Tazobactam Increase Mortality Risk Compared With Cefepime? Collider Bias and the Importance of Assumptions in Instrumental Variable Analyses
与头孢吡肟相比，哌拉西林-他唑巴坦是否会增加死亡率风险？工具变量分析中的混杂偏倚和假设的重要性
Fergus Hamilton and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e17–e23, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf317
COVID-19 / SARS COV-2（新冠肺炎/严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型）
35
Efficacy and Safety of Obeldesivir in High-Risk Nonhospitalized Patients With COVID-19 (BIRCH): A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
奥贝德西韦在高危非住院COVID-19患者（BIRCH研究）中的疗效和安全性：一项3期、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照研究
Anca Streinu-Cercel and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e24–e32, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf406
36
Retreatment With Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Following Return of COVID-19 Symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 Positivity
COVID-19症状复发且SARS-CoV-2检测呈阳性后使用奈玛特韦/利托那韦重新治疗
Wuyan Zhang and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e33–e40, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf548
Emerging Infections(新兴感染)
37
“I Didn’t Know Him Before the Pandemic… Now He's on My Speed Dial”: Strengthening Collaboration Between Infectious Diseases Physicians and State and Local Public Health for Future Public Health Emergencies
“疫情前我并不认识他……现在他已是我的快速拨号对象”：加强传染病医生与州和地方公共卫生部门在未来突发公共卫生事件中的合作
Diana Valencia and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e41–e46, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf179
38
Identification of and Response to Influenza A(H5) in Off-the-Shelf Raw Milk—Santa Clara County, California, November–December 2024
2024年11 - 12月加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉县在现成生牛奶中检出甲型流感（H5）病毒及应对措施
Alessandra Løchen and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e47–e48, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf420
39
The Indispensable Value of Small-Molecule Antivirals in Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness
小分子抗病毒药物在流行病和大流行病防范中的不可或缺价值
Ruxandra Draghia-Akli and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e49–e55, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf476
HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病）
40
Increasing HIV Testing During Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Evaluations in Urgent Care and Emergency Departments: A Large Health System Initiative
在紧急护理和急诊科进行淋病和衣原体检测时增加HIV检测：一项大型医疗系统倡议
Allan M Seibert and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e56–e67, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf434
41
Clinical Predictors and Incidence of Kaposi Sarcoma Among Males With HIV in the Treat-All Era in the United States and Canada
美国和加拿大“全员治疗”时代男性HIV感染者卡波西肉瘤的临床预测因素和发病率
Sally B Coburn and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e68–e77, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf446
42
Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors for Treatment-experienced Young Adults With Perinatal HIV in the US: Immunologic, Virologic, and Anthropometric Outcomes
美国接受过治疗的围产期感染HIV的年轻成人使用整合酶链转移抑制剂的免疫学、病毒学和人体测量学结果
Kunjal Patel and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e78–e88, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf538
43
Win Ratio Aligns With and Enhances Interpretation of REPRIEVE's Primary Findings
Win比值与REPRIEVE研究的主要发现一致并增强了其解释性
Emma Davies Smith and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e89–e92, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf477
44
The Critical Importance of Clinical Use Case to Inform Point-of-Care Technology Development: A Case Study of HIV Nucleic Acid Assays in the United States
临床应用案例对于指导即时检测技术开发的重要性：以美国HIV核酸检测为例
Yukari C Manabe and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e93–e99, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf510
Mycobacterial Infections（分枝杆菌感染）
45
Body Mass Index and Incident Tuberculosis in Close Tuberculosis Contacts
结核密切接触者中体重指数与新发结核病的关系
María B Arriaga and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e100–e109, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf475
46
The Role of Youths in Within-Household Tuberculosis Transmission: A Household Contact Cohort Study
青年在家庭内结核病传播中的作用：一项家庭接触队列研究
Meredith B Brooks and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e110–e118, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf490
47
Cost-effectiveness of Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing for Tuberculosis Drug-resistance Testing as an Alternative to the Standard of Care in South Africa
南非以靶向下一代测序作为结核病耐药检测标准护理方案的替代方案的成本效益分析
Alexandra de Nooy and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e119–e125, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf495
48
Xpert MTB/RIF Cycle Threshold as a Marker of Tuberculosis (TB) Disease Severity: Implications for TB Treatment Stratification
Xpert MTB/RIF循环阈值作为结核病（TB）疾病严重程度的标志物：对结核病治疗分层的启示
Daniel J Grint and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e126–e134, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf527
49
The Role of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Treating Mycobacterium abscessus: From Laboratory Insights to Clinical Applications and the Case for Clinical Trials
β-内酰胺类抗生素在治疗脓肿分枝杆菌中的作用：从实验室见解到临床应用及开展临床试验的必要性
Khalid M Dousa and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e135–e145, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf547
Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇传染病）
50
Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of an Investigational Maternal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein–Based Vaccine
一种研究性孕产妇呼吸道合胞病毒融合前F蛋白疫苗的疗效、免疫原性和安全性
Peyman Banooni and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e146–e155, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf033
51
Hepatotoxicity Among People With HIV and Receiving Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in Pregnancy and Postpartum: The Role of Antiretroviral Regimen and Pharmacogenetics
HIV感染者在孕期和产后接受异烟肼预防性治疗时的肝毒性：抗逆转录病毒治疗方案和药物基因组学的作用
Grace Montepiedra and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e156–e164, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf198
52
Transplacental Transfer of Lumefantrine, Mefloquine, and Piperaquine: A Comparison of Concentrations in Mothers, Neonates, and Cord Blood
青蒿素、甲氟喹和哌喹的胎盘转运：母亲、新生儿和脐带血中浓度的比较
Makoto Saito and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e165–e173, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf552
53
Why Did the Antimalarial Drug Cross the Placenta?
抗疟药为何要穿过胎盘？
Stephen J Rogerson and Holger W Unger
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e174–e175, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf553
Viral Infections（病毒性传染病）
54
Kinetics and Predictors of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss After Commencing Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)–Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the Setting of HIV and Chronic HBV Coinfection
HIV和慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）共感染患者开始使用HBV活性抗逆转录病毒治疗后乙型肝炎表面抗原消失的动力学和预测因素
Jennifer Audsley and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e176–e184, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf281
55
Secondary Pneumococcal Disease in Veterans With Viral Respiratory Infections
患有病毒性呼吸道感染退伍军人的继发性肺炎球菌病
Lauren A Powers and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e185–e190, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf285
Correspondence（读者来信）
56
Unveiling Latent Risk Patterns in Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteremia: A Deeper Look at Pathogen-Specific Mortality
揭示抗菌药物耐药性菌血症中的潜在风险模式：深入探究病原体特异性死亡率
Yuan-Ti Lee and Shiuan-Chih Chen
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e191, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf493
57
Resistance to Antibiotics With High Empiric Treatment Relevance Explains Attributable Mortality Across 110 Pathogen-antibiotic Combinations
对经验性治疗具有高度相关性的抗生素耐药性可解释110种病原体 - 抗生素组合的归因死亡率
Kevin A Brown and Nick Daneman
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e191–e192, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf494
58
Culture Clash: Dual-Pathogen Endocarditis and the Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Studies We Need
文化冲突：双病原体心内膜炎以及我们所需的宏基因组下一代测序研究
Carl Boodman and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e193–e195, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf518
59
Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing and Cardiovascular Infections: Promise and Pitfalls of Polymicrobial Detection
宏基因组下一代测序与心血管感染：多微生物检测的前景与陷阱
Sarwat Khalil and M Rizwan Sohail
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e196, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf519
60
It Is Time to Go Beyond the Association Between Colistin and Meropenem for Invasive Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections
是时候超越多粘菌素和美罗培南联合治疗侵袭性碳青霉烯耐药鲍曼不动杆菌感染了
Alberto Enrico Maraolo and Giancarlo Ceccarelli
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e197–e198, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf533
61
Actually, It May be Time to Return to Colistin and Meropenem in Some Patients Infected With Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB)
实际上，对于某些感染碳青霉烯耐药鲍曼不动杆菌（CRAB）的患者，或许是时候重新使用多粘菌素和美罗培南了
Jason M Pogue and Keith S Kaye
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e198–e199, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf534
62
COVID-19 and Bacterial Pneumonia: Protective Effect or Diagnostic Bias?
COVID-19和细菌性肺炎：保护作用还是诊断偏差？
Duygu Aydın and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e200, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf539
63
Secondary Pneumococcal Disease in Veterans With Viral Respiratory Infections: A Follow Up
患有病毒性呼吸道感染退伍军人的继发性肺炎球菌病：后续研究
John C Hu and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e200–e201, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf540
64
Long-Acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine in Viremic People With HIV: Bumpy Road to Perfection
长效卡博特韦/利匹韦林用于病毒载量阳性的HIV感染者：通往完美的坎坷之路
Beatrice Barda and Marco Bongiovanni
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e201–e202, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf482
65
Beyond the Sequence: Operationalizing Whole-Genome Sequencing for Real-time Infection Control in Low- and Middle-Income-Country Healthcare Settings Healthcare Settings
超越序列：在中低收入国家医疗环境中实际应用全基因组测序进行实时感染控制
Schawanya Kaewpitoon Rattanapitoon and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e202–e203, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf535
66
Reassessing Adherence Trajectories in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Recovery Advantage and Hidden Biases
重新评估耐多药结核病的依从性轨迹：康复优势和隐藏偏差
Shiuan-Chih Chen and Chun-Chieh Chen
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e203–e204, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf536
67
Metagenomic Sequencing of Blood Culture Broth for Diagnosing Fastidious Endocarditis
血培养肉汤宏基因组测序用于诊断苛养性心内膜炎
Po-Hsiu Huang and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Pages e204–e205, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf554
Corrections（更正）
68
Correction to: Secondary Pneumococcal Disease in Veterans With Viral Respiratory Infections
《患有病毒性呼吸道感染退伍军人的继发性肺炎球菌病》更正
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e206, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf572
69
Correction to: Treatment Outcomes With an Oral Short Course Regimen for Rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis in a High HIV Prevalence, Programmatic Setting in South Africa
《南非高HIV流行率、项目化环境中口服短程利福平耐药结核病治疗方案的治疗结果》更正
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 1, 15 January 2026, Page e207, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf711
Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue Supplement_1
临床传染病学 82卷 增刊1期
https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/82/Supplement_1
SUPPLEMENT（增刊）
Laboratory and Point-of-care Testing to Detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Review of the Available Evidence
实验室及即时检测技术用于检测沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌：现有证据综述
SUPPLEMENT ARTICLES（增刊论著）
1
Evidence Review for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidance Development on the Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
美国疾病控制与预防中心沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌检测指南制定证据综述
Amanda C Smith and Ellen N Kersh
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S1–S5, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf665
2
Narrative Review of Chlamydia trachomatis Culture, Viability Testing, and Sequencing Methods
沙眼衣原体培养、活性检测及测序方法的叙述性综述
Alana K Sterkel and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S6–S12, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf697
3
Culture and Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Narrative Review of Current Laboratory Methods
淋病奈瑟菌培养与鉴定：当前实验室方法叙述性综述
Olusegun O Soge and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S13–S18, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf698
4
Review of the Performance of Laboratory-Based Molecular Diagnostics for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
实验室分子诊断技术检测沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌的性能综述
Megan Crumpler and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S19–S35, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf696
5
Review of Methods for Detecting Antimicrobial Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
淋病奈瑟菌抗菌药物耐药性检测方法综述
Kara K Mitchell and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S36–S42, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf706
6
Point-of-care Tests for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Review of the Literature
沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌即时检测技术文献综述
Yukari C Manabe and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_1, 15 February 2026, Pages S43–S51, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf699
Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 2
临床传染病学 82卷 2期
https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/
ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病技艺）
1
Interior of the Old Jersey Prison Ship in the Revolutionary War
美国革命战争中老泽西监狱船的内部景象
Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf693
In the Literature（本期精选）
2
In the Literature
本期精选
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages ii–v, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag011
IDSA 2025 Collections Editorial（美国传染病学会2025年专题合集社论）
3
2025 Content Collections from the IDSA Journals
IDSA期刊2025年内容合集
Roger Bedimo and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 185–186, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag041
State-of-the-Art Review（前沿综述）
4
State-of-the-Art Review: Chagas Disease—an Enduring Challenge
前沿综述：恰加斯病——一个持续存在的挑战
Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 187–205, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf654
IDSA Features（美国传染病学会特色内容）
5
Policy Recommendations to Support Equitable Access to Long-Acting Injectables for HIV Prevention and Treatment: A Policy Paper of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the HIV Medicine Association
支持公平获取用于艾滋病毒预防和治疗的长效注射剂的政策建议：美国传染病学会与艾滋病毒医学协会的政策文件
Julia L Marcus and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 206–211, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae648
Voices of ID（传染病之声）
6
A “Terminal Infection”
“绝症感染”
Jennifer Furin
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 212–214, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf332
Invited Commentary（特邀评论）
7
A Rapid Test to Differentiate Viral From Bacterial Infections: Searching for the Holy Grail
区分病毒与细菌感染的快速检测：寻找“圣杯”
Lao-Tzu Allan-Blitz and Jeffrey D Klausner
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 215–218, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf585
Bacterial Infections（细菌感染）
8
Nonoperative Versus Neurosurgical Treatment of Brain Abscess: An Emulated Trial Nested Within a Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort
脑脓肿的非手术治疗与神经外科治疗：一项基于全国人群队列的模拟试验
Emilie Marie Eriksen and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 219–227, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf304
9
What Is the Impact of Anti-Enterococcal Empirical Therapy on Survival of Patients With Enterococcal Bloodstream Infections?
抗肠球菌经验性治疗对肠球菌血流感染患者生存率的影响是什么？
Linda Bussini and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 228–237, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf323
10
Adjunctive Fosfomycin for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Pooled Post Hoc Analysis of Individual Participant Data From 2 Randomized Trials
辅助使用磷霉素治疗金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症：两项随机试验个体参与者数据的汇总事后分析
Francesc Escrihuela-Vidal and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 238–245, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf387
HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病）
11
Kinetics of Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance-associated Mutations in HIV-1 Proviral Cellular Reservoirs in Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-experienced Persons
在接受过非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂治疗的HIV-1感染者中，非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂耐药相关突变在HIV-1前病毒细胞储存库中的动力学
Thomas Drumel and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 246–251, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf430
12
Impact of Different Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors on Body Mass Index Among People With HIV Who Newly Started Antiretroviral Therapy in Shenzhen, China: A Real-World Data Analysis
中国深圳新开始抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染者使用不同整合酶链转移抑制剂对体重指数的影响：一项现实数据分析
Lukun Zhang and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 252–261, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf466
13
Consequences of Stopping Antiretroviral Treatment in a Persistently Seronegative Individual with HIV-1
HIV-1持续血清阴性个体停止抗逆转录病毒治疗的后果
Marc Wirden and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 262–264, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf422
14
Approaches to the Management of Virologic Failure on Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in the 50 Countries With the Highest Adult HIV Prevalence
在成人HIV患病率最高的50个国家中，多替拉韦为基础的抗逆转录病毒治疗出现病毒学失败的治疗方法
Cameron T Nutt and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 265–273, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf444
Mycobacterial Infections（结核分枝杆菌感染）
15
Retrospective Cohort Analysis for Identification of Discordant Rifampicin-resistant Xpert MTB/RIF Assay Results in South Kivu, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, a High Burden Tuberculosis Setting
刚果民主共和国东部南基伍这一结核病高负荷地区，识别利福平耐药不一致的Xpert MTB/RIF检测结果的回顾性队列分析
Bertin C Bisimwa and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 274–281, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf451
16
Prevention of Tuberculosis in Patients Treated With Biological Therapies: 20 Years' Experience in a Specialized Tuberculosis Clinic in a Low-prevalence Country
生物疗法治疗患者中结核病的预防：某低流行国家一个专科结核病诊所20年的经验
Sandra Pérez-Recio and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 282–290, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf491
17
Reducing Household Tuberculosis Transmission: A Pilot Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
减少家庭内结核病传播：一项试点整群随机对照试验
Cinthya Ruiz-Tagle and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 291–298, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf526
18
(Un)masking Tuberculosis
（揭开）结核病的“面具”
Joseph N Burzynski and Neil W Schluger
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 299–300, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf528
19
Estimating the Accuracy and Additionality of TB-LAM to Diagnose TB in Children Without HIV (AccuLAM)
评估TB-LAM在无HIV儿童中诊断结核病的准确性和额外价值（AccuLAM）
Lucía CarratalàCastro and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 301–303, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf525
Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染）
20
Potential Impact of Doxycycline Post-exposure Prophylaxis Prescribing Strategies on Incidence of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections
多西环素暴露后预防用药策略对细菌性性传播感染发病率的影响
Michael W Traeger and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 304–311, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad488
21
Filling in the Gaps: Updates on Doxycycline Prophylaxis for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections
填补空白：多西环素预防细菌性性传播感染的最新进展
Aniruddha Hazra and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 312–320, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae062
22
Reported Neurologic Manifestations Among Persons With Syphilis by Stage of Infection—12 States, 2019–2022
2019-2022年12个州按感染阶段划分的梅毒患者报告的神经系统表现
Sarah B Wondmeneh and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 321–325, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf015
Viral Infections（病毒性感染）
23
Investigating the Role of Cytomegalovirus as a Cause of Stillbirths and Child Deaths in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Through Postmortem Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling
通过死后微创组织采样，调查巨细胞病毒在低收入和中等收入国家死胎和儿童死亡原因中的作用
Sithembiso Velaphi and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 326–336, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf098
Photo Quiz（影像问答）
24
Bursting at the Seams
“撑破”
Maxwell Olenski and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 337–340, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf488
Viral Infections（病毒性感染）
25
Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Type 2 Outbreak in Pakistan During 2019–2021
2019-2021年巴基斯坦2型疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒疫情的临床和流行病学调查
Nayab Mehmood and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 341–351, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf151
26
Inactivated Polio Vaccine Must Be an Essential Part of Polio Eradication
灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗必须是根除脊髓灰质炎的重要组成部分
Konstantin Chumakov and Stanley A Plotkin
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 352–353, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf215
Photo Quiz（影像问答）
27
Intracranial Lesion in a Patient With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
慢性髓性白血病患者颅内病变
Mohammed Shakeel Sillat and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 354–357, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf441
Viral Infections（病毒性感染）
28
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Co-Detection With Other Respiratory Viruses Is Not Significantly Associated With Worse Clinical Outcomes Among Children Aged <2 Years: New Vaccine Surveillance Network, 2016–2020
在<2岁的婴幼儿中，呼吸道合胞病毒与其他呼吸道病毒共同检测与临床预后恶化无显著关联：2016-2020年新疫苗监测网络数据
Justin Z Amarin and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 358–365, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf194
29
Transfer of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Specific T Cells in a Pediatric Patient Post-HSCT With Severe, Acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 Infection
一例异基因造血干细胞移植后严重、阿昔洛韦耐药的单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV-1）感染患儿的HSV-1特异性T细胞的输注
Astrid Wintering and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages 366–369, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf125
Clinical Trials（临床实验）
30
Interferon-α Nasal Spray Prophylaxis Reduces COVID-19 in Cancer Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial
干扰素-α鼻喷雾剂预防可降低癌症患者新冠病毒感染率：一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验
Michelle K Yong and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e208–e216, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf409
31
A Phase 3, Randomized Trial Investigating the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of V116, an Adult-Specific Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, in Pneumococcal Vaccine-Naïve Adults 18–64 Years of Age at Increased Risk of Pneumococcal Disease, STRIDE-8
一项3期随机试验，调查V116（一种成人特异性肺炎球菌结合疫苗）在未接种过肺炎球菌疫苗且患肺炎球菌疾病风险增加的18-64岁年龄段成人中的安全性、耐受性和免疫原性，STRIDE-8试验
Paul T Scott and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e217–e226, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf604
32
Effect of Direct-from-blood Bacterial Testing on Antibiotics Administration in Adults Presenting With Acute Infection: A Randomized Trial
直接从血液进行细菌检测对急性感染成年患者抗生素给药的影响：一项随机试验
David C Gaston and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e227–e235, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf677
33
The Tantalizing Pursuit for a Perfect Diagnostic Test: Balancing Innovation With Stewardship
对完美诊断检测的诱人追求：平衡创新与管理
K C Coffey and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e236–e238, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf674
Global Health and Neglected Tropical Diseases（全球健康与被忽视的热带病）
34
Diagnostic Accuracy of Tuberculosis Screening Tests in a Prospective Multinational Cohort: Chest Radiography With Computer-Aided Detection, Xpert Tuberculosis Host Response, and C-Reactive Protein
在一项前瞻性多国队列研究中，结核病筛查试验的诊断准确性：计算机辅助检测的胸部X光片、Xpert结核宿主反应检测和C反应蛋白
Rebecca Crowder and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e239–e247, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae549
HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病）
35
Risk Assessment in a Global CVD Prevention Cohort of People With HIV by PCE, PREVENT, and SCORE2
通过PCE、PREVENT和SCORE2对全球心血管疾病预防队列中艾滋病毒感染者进行风险评估
Steven K Grinspoon and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e248–e257, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf542
36
REPRIEVE Analysis of New Cardiovascular Risk Calculators in HIV: Underpredicting Risk Means Preventing Fewer Heart Attacks
HIV新心血管风险计算器的REPRIEVE分析：低估风险意味着预防的心脏病发作更少
Matthew S Durstenfeld
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e258–e261, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf543
37
Comparable Inflammatory and Metabolic Outcomes After Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Continuing Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Virologically Suppressed Adults With HIV (INSTINCT/GESIDA10918 Study)
在病毒学抑制的HIV感染成人中，转换为比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦与继续使用多替拉韦/拉米夫定后的炎症和代谢结局相当（INSTINCT/GESIDA10918研究）
Sergio Serrano-Villar and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e262–e274, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf565
38
Tenofovir Alafenamide and Body Weight: Have We Finally Tipped the Scale?
丙酚替诺福韦与体重：我们最终是否打破了平衡？
John R Koethe
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e275–e277, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf566
39
Long-Term Clinical, Immunologic, and Viral Reservoir Outcomes in Children Treated With VRC01LS and 10-1074 Monoclonal Antibodies in the Tatelo Study
在Tatelo研究中，接受VRC01LS和10-1074单克隆抗体治疗的儿童的长期临床、免疫学和病毒储存库结局
Gbolahan Ajibola and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e278–e285, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf568
40
Trends in Persons Prescribed HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis in the United States, 2015–2023
2015-2023年美国开具HIV暴露后预防处方的患者趋势
John N Le and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e286–e295, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf581
Immunocompromised Hosts（免疫功能低下宿主）
41
Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Neutropenic Enterocolitis in Onco-Hematological Patients According to Chemotherapy Regimen
根据化疗方案分析肿瘤血液学患者中性粒细胞减少性肠结肠炎的流行病学、危险因素和预后
Anne-Sophie Brunel and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e296–e307, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf134
42
An Analysis of Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cell-Mediated Immunity in a Phase 3, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Letermovir Prophylaxis in Cytomegalovirus-Seropositive Recipients of an Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant
在一项3期随机、安慰剂对照试验中，分析来特莫韦预防对巨细胞病毒血清阳性异基因造血细胞移植受者巨细胞病毒特异性细胞介导免疫的影响
Genovefa A Papanicolaou and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e308–e315, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf646
43
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-Specific Cell-Mediated Immunity for Prediction of Postprophylaxis CMV Disease in a Phase 3 Trial of Letermovir Versus Valganciclovir Prophylaxis in Donor CMV-Seropositive/Recipient CMV-Seronegative Kidney Transplant Recipients
在供体巨细胞病毒血清阳性/受体巨细胞病毒血清阴性的肾移植受者中，来特莫韦与缬更昔洛韦预防的3期试验中，巨细胞病毒（CMV）特异性细胞介导免疫对预防后CMV疾病的预测作用
Ajit P Limaye and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e316–e324, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf632
44
The Role of Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cellular Immunity in Transplant Recipients with Letermovir Prophylaxis: To be Determined
来特莫韦预防移植受者中巨细胞病毒特异性细胞免疫的作用：有待确定
Yoichiro Natori and Martina Sester
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e325–e327, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf633
45
IL12RB1 Deficiency Appearing in North America: Expanding the Clinical Phenotypes
北美出现的IL12RB1缺陷：拓展临床表型
Chen Wang and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e328–e331, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf637
Vaccines（疫苗）
46
A Phase IV, Open-label, Single-Arm, Multicentric Clinical Trial for Evaluation of Human Papillomavirus 9vHPV Vaccine Immunogenicity in Men Who Have Sex With Men With HIV: GeSIDA Study 10 017
一项评估人乳头瘤病毒9vHPV疫苗在感染HIV的男男性行为者中免疫原性的IV期、开放标签、单臂、多中心临床试验：GeSIDA 10 017研究
Raquel Ron and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e332–e342, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf435
47
Immunogenicity and Safety of the COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccine Coadministered With Influenza and 23-valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines
与流感疫苗和23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗同时接种的COVID-19信使核糖核酸疫苗的免疫原性和安全性
Omid Rezahosseini and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e343–e351, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf455
48
Intestinal Mucosal Immune Responses to Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Type 2 in Healthy Newborns
健康新生儿对新型2型口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗的肠道黏膜免疫反应
Audrey Godin and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e352–e360, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf484
49
Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness for Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Related Acute Respiratory Illness in Older Adults: Findings From the First Postlicensure Season
老年人呼吸道合胞病毒相关急性呼吸道疾病的估计疫苗有效性：首个上市后季节的研究结果
Sara Y Tartof and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e361–e370, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf496
Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染）
50
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Mycoplasma genitalium and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
生殖支原体与盆腔炎性疾病（PID）关联的系统综述和荟萃分析
Kay Htaik and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e371–e379, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae295
51
Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)/HIV Testing, STIs, and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Men Who Have Sex With Men and Women in the United States, 2019–2022
2019-2022年美国男男性行为者以及男男性行为者和女性性行为者中性传播感染（STI）/HIV检测、性传播感染和HIV暴露前预防用药情况
Guoyu Tao and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e380–e386, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae314
52
Cabotegravir Maintains Protective Efficacy in the Setting of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Secondary Analysis of HPTN 083
卡博特韦在细菌性性传播感染情况下维持保护效力：HPTN 083的二次分析
Meredith E Clement and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e387–e395, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae572
Viral Infections（病毒性感染）
53
Comprehensive Analysis of Cardiovascular Events and Risk Factors in Patients Hospitalized With Respiratory Syncytial Virus
对因呼吸道合胞病毒感染住院患者的心血管事件和危险因素的综合分析
Paulina Sudnik and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e396–e403, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf310
54
In Critical Condition: The Urgent Need to Support Mpox Therapeutic and Diagnostic Pipelines
处于危急状况：迫切需要支持猴痘治疗和诊断管线
Carmen Perez Casas and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e404–e408, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf529
Correspondence（读者来信）
55
Caution in Interpreting INSTIs and Weight in Observational Studies
在观察性研究中解读整合酶抑制剂与体重关系时需谨慎
Esteban Martínez
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Page e409, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf569
56
Weight Trajectories With Integrase Inhibitors: Unaddressed Insights and Limitations in a Chinese Cohort
整合酶抑制剂与体重变化轨迹：中国队列中未解决的见解和局限性
Yuan-Ti Lee and Shiuan-Chih Chen
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e409–e410, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf570
57
Real-World Evidence as a Complement to Randomized Trials in Interpreting Weight Gain on Modern INSTI Regimens
现实证据作为随机试验的补充，用于解读现代整合酶抑制剂方案导致的体重增加
Xinsheng Wu and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e410–e411, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf571
58
C-reactive Protein in TB Meningitis: Signal, Surrogate, or Saboteur?
结核性脑膜炎中的C反应蛋白：信号、替代指标还是破坏因素？
Patrick K Moonan and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e411–e412, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf575
59
C-Reactive Protein in Tuberculous Meningitis: A Viable Biomarker for Individualized Care
结核性脑膜炎中的C反应蛋白：个体化护理的可行生物标志物
Lillian Tugume and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e412–e413, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf576
60
The Win Ratio Should Be Complemented by Other Win Statistics to Provide a Comprehensive Picture of Relative and Absolute Treatment Effects: The Case Study of the REPRIEVE Trial
胜利比率应与其他胜利统计数据相结合，以全面呈现相对和绝对治疗效果：REPRIEVE试验案例研究
Melissa J Hardy and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e413–e414, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf587
61
Small Effects, Big Impact: Multiple Win Measures Aid Interpretation, But Do Not Forget the Bigger Picture
效应虽小，影响重大：多种胜利衡量指标有助于解读，但不要忘记整体情况
Emma Davies Smith and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e414–e416, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf588
62
Does Oral Antibiotic Switching Therapy Show Similar Efficacy to Intravenous Administration for Treating Infective Endocarditis?
口服抗生素转换疗法治疗感染性心内膜炎的疗效是否与静脉给药相似？
Jun Suzuki and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e416–e417, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf598
63
Toward a Wider Use of Oral Antibiotic Switch in Infective Endocarditis
朝着更广泛地使用感染性心内膜炎口服抗生素转换疗法迈进
Romane Pouy and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e417–e418, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf599
64
Operationalizing Sepsis Definitions With Artificial Intelligence: Toward Smarter Antibiotic Use
利用人工智能实现败血症定义的落地应用：迈向更明智的抗生素使用
James S Ford and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e418–e419, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf601
65
Balancing Innovation in Artificial Intelligence With Practical Sepsis Definitions
平衡人工智能创新与实用的败血症定义
Chanu Rhee and Michael Klompas
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e419–e420, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf602
66
Precision Prevention of Tuberculosis in Biologic Therapy: Lessons Beyond Screening Strategies
生物疗法中结核病的精准预防：筛查策略之外的启示
Shiuan-Chih Chen and Yuan-Ti Lee
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e420–e421, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf559
67
Recalibrating COVID-19 Booster Policy: Lessons From Hybrid Immunity and Global Equity Gaps
重新调整COVID-19加强针政策：从混合免疫和全球公平差距中吸取教训
Nathkapach K Rattanapitoon and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 2, 15 February 2026, Pages e421–e422, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf605
Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 3
临床传染病学 82卷 3期
https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/
ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病技艺）
1
Dracunculiasis, 1674
1674年的麦地那龙线虫病
Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag089
In the Literature（文献聚焦）
2
In the Literature
文献聚焦
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages ii–iv, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag012
State-of-the-Art Review（前沿综述）
3
State-of-the-Art Review: Managing Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
前沿综述：外阴阴道念珠菌病的治疗
Riina Rautemaa-Richardson and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 371–382, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf673
Ethics Rounds（伦理探讨）
4
CARB Your Enthusiasm: An Ethics-Informed Analysis for Clinicians of the US National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
谨慎对待抗生素：基于伦理学分析美国国家抗耐药菌行动计划对临床医生的启示
Hunter Jackson Smith and Chelsea Modlin
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 383–388, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf478
Voices of ID（传染病之声）
5
Mothers
母亲们
Maria Koshy
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 389–390, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf338
Bacterial Infections（细菌性感染）
6
The Impact of Synergistic Therapy Between Colistin and Meropenem on Outcomes of People With Pneumonia or Bloodstream Infection Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens
多粘菌素与美罗培南联合治疗对碳青霉烯类耐药革兰氏阴性菌所致肺炎或血行感染患者预后的影响
Mariya Huralska and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 391–398, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf398
7
We Cannot Overcome the Mediocrity of Colistin
我们无法忽视多粘菌素的平庸疗效
Jason C Gallagher
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 399–401, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf592
8
Comparing Clinical, Microbiological, and Genetic Definitions of Relapse in Patients With Subsequent Episodes of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bone and Joint Infection
比较耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌骨关节感染后续发作患者复发在临床、微生物学和遗传学上的定义
Kevin Bouiller and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 402–410, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf448
9
Non-Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase Attributes of the Newer β-lactam/β-lactamase Inhibitors, Part 2: Burkholderia cepacia Complex, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Acinetobacter baumannii
新型β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂对非肺炎克雷伯菌碳青霉烯酶的抗菌特性，第二部分：洋葱伯克霍尔德菌复合群、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌
Andrew J Fratoni and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 411–419, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf403
Clinical Trials（临床试验）
10
Continuation Versus Temporary Interruption of Immunomodulatory Agents During Infections in Patients With Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Trial
炎症性风湿性疾病患者感染期间继续使用与暂时停用免疫调节剂的随机对照试验
Merel A A Opdam and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 420–426, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf442
11
Effectiveness of Nebulized Bronchodilator-Enhanced Sputum Induction in Thai Patients With Presumed Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial (NeB-TB Trial)
泰国疑似肺结核患者中雾化支气管扩张剂增强痰诱导的有效性：一项随机对照试验（NeB-TB试验）
Pichanon Mingchay and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 427–435, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf580
12
Bone Biopsy not Superior to Ulcer Bed Biopsy–guided Antibacterial Therapy on Remission of Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
在指导用于缓解糖尿病足骨髓炎的抗菌治疗方面骨活检并不优于溃疡床活检：一项随机对照试验
Rimke S Lagrand and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 436–442, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf684
13
Do We Need a Bone Biopsy for Managing Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis?
我们是否需要对糖尿病足骨髓炎进行骨活检？
Eric M Senneville and Benjamin A Lipsky
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 443–445, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf685
Critical Care and Sepsis（重症监护与败血症）
14
Contamination of Blood Cultures Drawn From Arterial Catheters Versus Venipuncture or Venous Catheters in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
危重患者从动脉导管与静脉穿刺或静脉导管采集血培养的污染情况：一项系统综述和荟萃分析
Takatoshi Koroki and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 446–452, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf260
15
Reassessing Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Therapy in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis: Lessons From the ADAPT-Sepsis Trial
重新评估降钙素原指导的败血症危重患者抗生素治疗：来自ADAPT-败血症试验的启示
Simran Gupta and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 453–458, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf336
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（传染病控制与医院流行病学）
16
Effectiveness and Safety of Methods to Prevent Bloodstream and Other Infections and Noninfectious Complications Associated With Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
预防经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管相关血行感染及其他感染和非感染性并发症的方法的有效性和安全性：一项系统综述和荟萃分析
Andreea Dobrescu and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 459–472, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf063
17
Using Generative Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare-Associated Infection Surveillance
利用生成式人工智能进行医院感染监测
Daniel J Morgan and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 473–479, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf619
18
Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Healthcare-Associated Infection Surveillance: Bridging Precision, Partnership, Practice, and People
人工智能与医院感染监测的未来：融合精准、合作、实践与人文
Mamdooh Alzyood
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 480–483, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf620
Infections in Older Adults（老年传染病学）
19
Evaluation of Influenza Antiviral Prophylaxis for Long-term Care Residents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
长期护理机构居民流感抗病毒预防的效果评价：一项系统综述和荟萃分析
Ryan Hanula and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 484–493, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf101
20
Implementation of Diagnostic Stewardship to Improve Urinary Tract Infection Antibiotic Use Across 3 Medical Centers
在三家医疗中心实施诊断管理以改善尿路感染抗生素的使用
Kimberly C Claeys and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 494–500, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf411
Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇传染病）
21
Adverse Events of First-Line Therapy for Pediatric Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
儿童结核病一线治疗的不良反应：一项系统综述和荟萃分析
Michael Prodanuk and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 501–512, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf152
22
The Impact of Pregnancy on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes: An Analysis of Brazilian National Surveillance Data 2016–2022
妊娠对结核病治疗效果的影响：基于2016-2022年巴西国家监测数据的分析
Silvia S Chiang and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 513–521, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf233
Photo Quiz（影像问答）
23
Persistent Fever and Back Pain After Liver Transplantation
肝移植后持续发热和背痛
Toshiyuki Kishida and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 522–525, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf489
Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇传染病）
24
Stool Processing Methods for Xpert Ultra Testing in Childhood Tuberculosis: A Prospective, Multicountry Accuracy Study
儿童结核病Xpert Ultra检测的粪便处理方法：一项前瞻性、多国准确性研究
Devan Jaganath and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 526–534, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf289
Photo Quiz（影像问答）
25
A Bloom Beneath the Skin
皮下绽放之花
Yi Rong Chew and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 535–538, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf550
Vector-Borne Diseases（虫媒传染病）
26
Trends in Anaplasmosis Over the Past Decade: A Review of Clinical Features, Laboratory Data, and Outcomes
过去十年无形体病趋势：临床特征、实验室数据和预后回顾
Silpita Katragadda and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 539–547, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf171
27
Completion of Paired Serological Testing Algorithms for Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis and Ehrlichiosis, North Carolina: 2017–2020
斑点热立克次体病和埃里希体病配对血清学检测算法的完成情况，北卡罗来纳州：2017-2020年
Huipeng Liao and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages 548–555, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf176
COVID-19/SARS-COV-2（新冠肺炎/严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型）
28
Effect of Metformin on the Risk of Post-COVID-19 Condition Among Individuals With Overweight or Obese: A Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study
二甲双胍对超重或肥胖人群患新冠后综合征风险的影响：一项基于人群的回顾性队列研究
Ubonphan Chaichana and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e423–e432, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf429
29
Preventing Long COVID With Metformin
使用二甲双胍预防新冠长期症状
Carolyn T Bramante and David R Boulware
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e433–e435, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf700
30
Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination and Prior Infections to Reduce Long COVID Risk During the Pre-Omicron and Omicron Periods
COVID-19疫苗接种和既往感染在奥密克戎变异株出现前及奥密克戎时期降低新冠长期症状风险的有效性
Sara Carazo and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e436–e445, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf549
31
International Collaboration to Develop and Harmonize Drug Interaction Guidance for Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir During COVID-19: Lessons Learned for Future Pandemic Preparedness
国际合作制定并统一新冠期间奈玛特韦/利托那韦药物相互作用指南：为未来大流行准备汲取的经验教训
Safia Kuriakose and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e446–e454, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf606
Endovascular Infections（血管内感染）
32
Antifungal Therapy in Candida Infective Endocarditis: A Comparison of Echinocandins and Other Treatment Regimens in a Nationwide Cohort Study
念珠菌感染性心内膜炎的抗真菌治疗：一项全国队列研究中棘白菌素与其他治疗方案比较
Siri Kurland and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e455–e461, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf312
33
Should We Extend the Use of Oral Antibiotics in Infective Endocarditis? The ENDO-ORAL Study
我们是否应延长感染性心内膜炎口服抗生素的使用？ENDO-ORAL研究
Benoit Rallet and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e462–e470, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf452
34
Rethinking the Routine: Are Repeat Blood Cultures Necessary After Completion of Infective Endocarditis Treatment?
重新思考常规做法：感染性心内膜炎治疗完成后是否需要重复血培养？
Jean Regina and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e471–e474, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf617
35
Posttreatment Blood Cultures in Patients With Infective Endocarditis: Valuable, Inconsequential, or Worse?
感染性心内膜炎患者治疗后的血培养：有价值、无关紧要还是有害？
Daniel C DeSimone and Larry M Baddour
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e475–e476, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf618
Fungal Infections（真菌感染）
36
Fungal Meningitis in US Patients Who Received Epidural Anesthesia in Matamoros, Mexico
在墨西哥马塔莫罗斯接受硬膜外麻醉的美国患者中的真菌性脑膜炎
Dallas J Smith and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e477–e484, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf399
37
Empirical Antifungal Treatment of Critically ⅢPatients With Influenza-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Propensity Score Weighted Observational Study
流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征危重患者的经验性抗真菌治疗：一项倾向评分加权观察性研究
Stefan Hatzl and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e485–e493, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf507
38
Is Empirical Antifungal Therapy the Next Path Forward in Patients With Influenza-Associated ARDS?
经验性抗真菌治疗是否是流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的下一步治疗方向？
Florian Reizine and Jean-Pierre Gangneux
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e494–e496, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf508
39
Valley Fever in Central California: Diagnosis is Not the Finish Line, the Real Gap is Longitudinal Care
加利福尼亚州中部山谷热：诊断并非终点，真正的差距在于纵向护理
Geetha Sivasubramanian
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e497–e502, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf728
Hepatitis（肝炎）
40
The Hepatitis C Cascade of Care for Opioid Agonist Therapy Recipients in Australia
澳大利亚接受阿片类激动剂治疗者的丙型肝炎治疗流程
Samara Griffin and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e503–e510, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf352
41
Trends in Hepatitis C Virus Infection Prevalence Among People With HIV in Spain Over 2 Decades (2002–2023)
西班牙20多年来（2002-2023年）HIV感染者中丙型肝炎病毒感染流行率的趋势
Juan Berenguer and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e511–e520, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf407
42
Gaps in the Hepatitis C Prenatal and Postpartum Care Cascade: Rationale for Treatment in Pregnancy
丙型肝炎围产期和产后治疗流程中的差距：孕期治疗的理由
Andrew B Mendlowitz and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e521–e533, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf578
HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病）
43
Combined Use of Ibalizumab and Lenacapavir for the Treatment of Multidrug-resistant HIV-1: A Case Series
艾巴利珠单抗和来那卡帕韦联合治疗多重耐药HIV-1：病例系列研究
Charlotte Rolle and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e534–e540, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf597
44
New Strategies for a Vexing Problem: Injectables to the Rescue for People With Multidrug-Resistant HIV
棘手问题的新策略：注射剂助力多重耐药HIV感染者
William R Short and Onyema E Ogbuagu
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e541–e543, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf600
45
The Bounce-back Effect: What Happens After Cessation of Low-dose Semaglutide in People With HIV
反弹效应：HIV感染者停用低剂量司美格鲁肽后会发生什么
Kristine M Erlandson and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e544–e548, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf652
46
Infections After Kidney Transplantation From Donors With HIV to Recipients With HIV
HIV阳性供体肾脏移植给HIV阳性受者后的感染情况
Elizabeth C Arant and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e549–e557, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf656
47
Infections After Kidney Transplantation from Donors with HIV to Recipients with HIV: Insights, Prevention, and the Path Forward
HIV阳性供体肾脏移植给HIV阳性受者后的感染情况：见解、预防和未来方向
Abhay Dhand and Stephanie M Pouch
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e558–e560, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf657
Respiratory Infections（呼吸道传染病）
48
Multimorbidity Profiles and Severe In-Hospital Outcomes in Adults With Respiratory Syncytial Virus
成人呼吸道合胞病毒感染的多病共存情况及严重院内结局
Kevin C Ma and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e561–e570, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf405
49
Characterizing Treatment Adherence Trajectories in the endTB Multisite Cohort of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients: An Application of Group-Based Trajectory Modeling
在endTB多站点耐药结核病患者队列中描述治疗依从性轨迹：基于组别的轨迹建模应用
Stephanie Law and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e571–e579, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf467
50
Severity of Clinical Presentation and Outcomes in Hospitalized Adult People With Influenza by Type and Subtype, United States—2017–2020
2017 - 2020年美国按流感类型和亚型划分的住院成人流感患者临床表现严重程度及预后
Seana Cleary and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e580–e588, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf545
51
Reported Tuberculosis Symptoms: An Inadequate Classifier of Disease State
报告的结核病症状：疾病状态分类的不足指标
Nicky McCreesh and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e589–e594, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf611
Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染）
52
Effectiveness of Updated 2023–2024 (Monovalent XBB.1.5) COVID-19 Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86/JN.1 Lineage Hospitalization and a Comparison of Clinical Severity—IVY Network, 26 Hospitals, 18 October 2023–9 March 2024
2023 - 2024年更新版（单价XBB.1.5）新冠疫苗对SARS-CoV-2奥密克戎XBB和BA.2.86/JN.1谱系住院的有效性及临床严重程度比较——IVY网络，26家医院，2023年10月18日 - 2024年3月9日
Kevin C Ma and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e595–e603, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae405
53
High Prevalence of Haemophilus ducreyi Among Patients With Suspected Primary syphilis in Malawi, 2019–2022
2019 - 2022年马拉维疑似原发性梅毒患者中杜克雷嗜血杆菌的高流行率
Mitch M Matoga and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e604–e611, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf114
54
Characteristics Associated With Disseminated Gonococcal Infections vs Uncomplicated Gonorrhea: A California Case-control Study, 2021–2022
与播散性淋球菌感染（而非单纯性淋病）相关的特征：2021 - 2022年加利福尼亚病例对照研究
Kelly A Johnson and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e612–e615, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf311
Viral Infections（病毒性感染）
55
Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection Progression to Disease Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
男男性行为者肛门人乳头瘤病毒感染进展为疾病的情况
Joel M Palefsky and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e616–e625, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf584
Correspondence（读者来信）
56
Cardiac Complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Overlooked Confounders, Biomarkers, and Host-Driven Shifts
肺炎支原体感染的心脏并发症：被忽视的混杂因素、生物标志物及宿主驱动的变化
Shiuan-Chih Chen and Ming-Cheng Lin
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e626–e627, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf609
57
Mycoplasma pneumoniae–Associated Cardiac Complications Revisited
重新审视肺炎支原体相关心脏并发症
Daniel Grupel and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e627–e628, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf610
58
Screening for Anal Cancer Is Associated With Real Harms and Questionable Benefits
肛门癌筛查存在实际危害且益处存疑
Chris Kenyon
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Page e628, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf613
59
Anal Cancer Screening: A Balanced Approach is Necessary
肛门癌筛查：需采取平衡的方法
Hayden S Andrews and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e628–e629, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf614
60
Collateral Benefits and Methodological Limits of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization for Infant Otitis Media and Antibiotic Use
呼吸道合胞病毒免疫接种对婴儿中耳炎和抗生素使用的附带益处及方法学局限
Tsai Ling Ting and Kai-Lun Sheu
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e629–e630, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf640
61
Interpretation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization Impact on Pediatric Acute Otitis Media: Key Considerations
解读呼吸道合胞病毒免疫接种对儿童急性中耳炎的影响：关键考量因素
Inès Fafi and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e630–e631, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf641
62
A Possible Increase in Penicillin-Resistant Strains of Treponema pallidum
梅毒螺旋体青霉素耐药菌株可能增加
Jun Suzuki and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e631–e632, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf643
63
Surveillance of Resistance-Associated Mutations in Treponema pallidum
梅毒螺旋体耐药相关突变的监测
Kai-Hsiang Chen and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e632–e633, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf645
64
Does Empirical Antifungal Therapy Reduce IAPA in Influenza-Associated ARDS? Methodological Concerns on Diagnosis, Surveillance, and Clinical Heterogeneity
经验性抗真菌治疗能否减少流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征（IAPA）的发生？诊断、监测和临床异质性方面的方法学问题
Ming Xue and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Pages e633–e634, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf661
65
Empirical Antifungal Therapy and IAPA in Influenza-Associated ARDS: Insights from Real-World Data
流感相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的经验性抗真菌治疗和IAPA：来自现实数据的见解
Stefan Hatzl and Robert Krause
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 3, 15 March 2026, Page e634, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf664
Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue Supplement_2
临床传染病学 82卷 增刊2期
https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/82/Supplement_2
SUPPLEMENT（增刊）
Advancing Tuberculosis Research Through RePORT International: Enhancing Treatment Outcomes, Predicting Disease Progression, and Improving Diagnosis
通过结核病区域性前瞻性观察研究国际联盟（RePORT International）推动结核病研究：提高治疗效果、预测疾病进展及改善诊断
SUPPLEMENT ARTICLES（增补论著）
1
A Narrative Review of the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis International Consortium: Sharing Diverse Data and Specimens in the Fight Against Tuberculosis
结核病区域性前瞻性观察研究国际联盟的叙述性综述：在抗击结核病中共享多样数据和样本
Rajita Bhavaraju and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_2, 15 April 2026, Pages S53–S59, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag151
2
Long-term Sequelae of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Narrative Review
长期肺部结核后遗症：一项叙述性综述
Akshay N Gupte and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_2, 15 April 2026, Pages S60–S67, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag123
3
From Exposure to Disease: Predicting Tuberculosis Progression
从接触感染到发病：预测结核病进展
Mariana Araújo-Pereira and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_2, 15 April 2026, Pages S68–S74, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag125
4
Asymptomatic Tuberculosis Across the Disease Spectrum: A Scoping Review of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Public Health Implications
疾病谱中的无症状结核：一项关于流行病学、诊断和公共卫生影响的范围综述
Beatriz Barreto Duarte and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_2, 15 April 2026, Pages S75–S84, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag150
Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 4
临床传染病学 82卷 4期
https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/
ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时光的传染病学技艺）
1
La Petite Vérole
天花
Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag118
In the Literature（文献精选）
2
In the Literature
文献精选
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages ii–v, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag013
Joint Editorial（联合社论）
3
Protocols for Randomized Controlled Trials: Advancing Transparency in Infectious Diseases
随机对照试验方案：推动传染病领域透明度提升
Jean-Jacques Parienti and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Page 557, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag198
Clinical Dilemmas in Infectious Diseases（临床传染病疑难杂症）
4
Uncertain Terrain
不确定的领域
Kap Sum Foong and Sara W Dong
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 558–561, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf283
Voices of ID（传染病之声）
5
Lessons I Learned from Our Soldier
我从我们的士兵身上学到的经验
Mitchell J Schwaber
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 562–563, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf433
HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病）
6
Long-Acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine, Lenacapavir, and Ibalizumab Use Among Persons With HIV-1 Viremia at a Ryan White-Funded Clinic in the Urban US South
美国南部城市由瑞安·怀特资助的诊所中，HIV-1病毒血症患者使用长效卡博特韦/利匹韦林、来那卡帕韦和艾巴利珠单抗的情况
Jonathan A Colasanti and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 564–574, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf425
7
In the Mismatch: Viral Suppression Despite Low Tenofovir-Diphosphate in Dried Blood Spots in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study/Women's Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort
矛盾现象：在多中心艾滋病队列研究/妇女跨机构HIV研究联合队列中，尽管干燥血斑中磷酸替诺福韦水平低，但仍能实现病毒抑制
Sarah C Mann and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 575–582, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf509
8
Prognostic Value of Blood Epigenetic Biomarkers of Aging in Persons With Well-Controlled HIV-1 Infection
血液衰老表观遗传生物标志物在HIV-1感染控制良好人群中的预后价值
Patricia Martínez-Martín and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 583–591, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf537
9
HIV Resistance to Dolutegravir Varies With Coadministered Agents
HIV对多替拉韦的耐药性随联合用药的不同而有所差异
Ingrid A Beck and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 592–596, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf481
Immunocompromised Hosts（免疫功能低下宿主）
10
Letermovir Prophylaxis Guided by Cytomegalovirus Cell-Mediated Immunity Improves the Outcomes of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients
基于巨细胞病毒细胞介导免疫的莱特莫韦预防可改善异体基因造血干细胞移植受者的预后
Luxiang Wang and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 597–606, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf410
11
Changing Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A Retrospective National Cohort Study
进行性多灶性白质脑病临床和实验室特征的变化：一项回顾性全国队列研究
Ilaria Mainardi and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 607–617, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf501
12
Respiratory Syncytial Virus After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy: Risk Factors and Outcomes in a Multicenter Retrospective Cohort
嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法后呼吸道合胞病毒感染：一项多中心回顾性队列研究中的风险因素和预后
Maria Isabel Sotelo-Alva and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 618–621, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag052
Respiratory Infections（呼吸道感染）
13
Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Position Statement: Why IDSA Did Not Endorse the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Guidelines 2025 Update
美国传染病学会（IDSA）立场声明：为何IDSA未认可《2025年社区获得性肺炎指南》更新版
Michael Klompas and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 622–624, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf625
14
We Dissent: Lessons From the 2025 Community-Acquired Pneumonia Guidelines
我们持不同意见：从《2025年社区获得性肺炎指南》中汲取的教训
Leila S Hojat and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 625–629, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf626
15
Associations Between Antibiotic Use and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Positive Respiratory Viral Assays
社区获得性肺炎且呼吸道病毒检测呈阳性住院患者抗生素使用与预后的关联
Brett Biebelberg and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 630–638, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf687
16
Comparative Effectiveness of Azithromycin Versus Doxycycline in Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia Treated With Beta-Lactams: A Multicenter Matched Cohort Study
联合β-内酰胺类药物治疗社区获得性肺炎的住院患者中，阿奇霉素与多西环素疗效的比较：一项多中心匹配队列研究
Yewande E Odeyemi and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 639–647, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf252
17
Target Trial Emulation of Empiric Antibiotics on Clinical Outcomes in Moderately Immunocompromised Patients Hospitalized With Pneumonia
针对中度免疫功能低下肺炎住院患者，经验性抗生素对临床预后的目标试验模拟研究
Louis Saravolatz and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 648–657, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf344
18
Impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunization on the Rate of Pediatric Acute Otitis Media: A Time-series Analysis
呼吸道合胞病毒免疫接种对儿童急性中耳炎发生率的影响：一项时间序列分析
Inès Fafi and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 658–664, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf564
Vaccines（疫苗）
19
LC16m8 for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Against Mpox in a High-Risk Population: An Open-Label Randomized Trial
使用LC16m8针对高危人群进行猴痘暴露前预防：一项开放标签随机试验
Nobumasa Okumura and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 665–672, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf074
20
Immunogenicity and Safety of 2 Versus 3 Doses of 9-Valent Vaccine Against Human Papillomavirus in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Papillon Randomized Trial
在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒的女性中，接种2剂与3剂九价人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的免疫原性和安全性：Papillon随机试验
Deborah Konopnicki and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 673–681, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf241
21
Screening and Vaccination Rates for Tetanus, Hepatitis A, and Hepatitis B Among Individuals With Substance Use Disorders Hospitalized in an Integrated US Health System
在美国综合医疗机构中住院的成瘾性患者的破伤风、甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎筛查及接种率
Jennifer H Ku and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 682–688, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf251
22
Atrial Fibrillation After Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination Among Older Adults
老年人接种呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗后发生心房颤动的情况
Morgan Birabaharan and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 689–691, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae649
23
Approaches to Comparing Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness to Guide Potential Preferential Product Recommendations
比较流感疫苗有效性的方法，以指导可能的优先产品推荐
Edward A Belongia and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 692–697, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf563
Viral Infections（病毒性感染）
24
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Human Herpesvirus-6 DNAemia in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis
危重患者人类疱疹病毒6型DNA血症的临床特征和预后：一项回顾性多中心分析
Margot Combet and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 698–708, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf199
25
Kaposi Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus Risk and Disease in Kidney Donors and Transplant Recipients With HIV in the United States
美国HIV感染肾捐赠者和移植受者中卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒的风险和疾病
Puja H Nambiar and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 709–719, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf229
26
Clinical Outcomes of Mpox Disease in Patients Treated With Tecovirimat
接受特考韦瑞治疗的猴痘病患者的临床预后
Ciarra Leocadio and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 720–726, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf520
27
Effective Antivirals in Pandemic Preparedness: Past Mistakes, Future Needs
大流行防范中的有效抗病毒药物：过去的错误，未来的需求
Antonios-Periklis Panagiotopoulos and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 727–733, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf648
Photo Quizzes（影像问答）
28
From Soil to Skin: An Unexpected Cause of Necrotizing Cellulitis
从土壤到皮肤：坏死性蜂窝织炎的意外病因
Erica Peak and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 734–737, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf555
29
A 67-year-Old Immunocompromised Male Presenting With Right Upper-Quadrant Abdominal Pain and Hepatic Lesions
一例67岁免疫功能低下男性，出现右上腹疼痛和肝脏病变
Sara Yousef Zadeh Shoushtari and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages 738–741, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf729
Bacterial Infections（细菌性感染）
30
Patient-reported Perceptions, Experiences, and Preferences Around Intravenous and Oral Antibiotics for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症患者对静脉和口服抗生素治疗的自我报告认知、体验和偏好：一项描述性质性研究
Genevieve Walls and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e635–e642, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf522
31
Reproducible Identification of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Clinical Subphenotypes
金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症临床亚型的可重复性识别
Maaike C Swets and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e643–e651, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf655
32
Disease Trends and Mortality From Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: A Long-Term Population-Based Study
侵袭性肺炎球菌病的疾病趋势和死亡率：一项长期人群基础研究
Hörður Tryggvi Bragason and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e652–e661, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf670
33
When and How to Use Subcutaneous Antibiotics
皮下注射抗生素的使用时机和方法
Stefano Di Bella and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e662–e673, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf691
Clinical Trials（临床实验）
34
Using the Comparing Oral versus Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (COPAT) Clinical Trial to Influence Institutional Practice Transformation Towards Earlier Transition to Oral Antibiotics
利用口服与肠外抗菌治疗比较（COPAT）临床实验推动机构实践转型，以更早地过渡到口服抗生素治疗
Joy J Juskowich and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e674–e681, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf707
35
The Fate of Oral Meds
口服药物的命运
Monica V Mahoney
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e682–e683, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf708
36
Early Symptom Response in Patients With Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection Treated With Gepotidacin or Nitrofurantoin: Pooled Analysis From Two Pivotal Phase 3 Studies
接受吉泊西汀或呋喃妥因治疗的无并发症尿路感染患者的早期症状反应：两项关键性3期研究的汇总分析
Amanda J Sheets and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e684–e692, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf722
37
Regional Variations of Rates and Determinants of Drug Resistance Mutations in People Failing First-line Therapy for HIV-1: A Substudy from the D2EFT Phase 3b/4 Clinical Trial
HIV-1一线治疗失败人群中耐药突变发生率和决定因素的区域差异：D2EFT 3b/4期临床试验的子研究
Billal Musah Obeng and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e693–e704, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf739
38
What's Hot This Year in ID Clinical Science 2025
2025年传染病临床学科领域的年度热点
Jeffrey A Freiberg and Patty W Wright
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e705–e709, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf740
HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病）
39
Impact of Vaginal Estradiol on the Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause, Vaginal Microbiome and Mucosal Immune Mediators in Women With HIV
阴道雌二醇对HIV感染女性绝经生殖泌尿综合征、阴道微生物群和黏膜免疫介质的影响
Kerry Murphy and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e710–e719, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf669
40
Pharmacokinetics of Twice-daily Tenofovir Alafenamide in Adults With HIV-associated Tuberculosis on Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide and Rifampicin
在接受比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦和利福平治疗的HIV相关结核病成人患者中，每日两次丙酚替诺福韦的药代动力学
Emmanuella Chinonso Osuala and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e720–e727, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf732
41
Integrating HIV and Stimulant-Use Disorder Treatment: A Pilot Implementation Effectiveness Trial of Contingency Management in HIV Care
整合HIV和兴奋剂使用障碍治疗：在HIV护理中开展应急管理试点实施效果试验
Ayesha Appa and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e728–e734, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag006
42
Hepatitis B Reactivation in a US Cohort of People With HIV and Hepatitis B Core Antibody After Switch to Antiretroviral Therapy Without Hepatitis B Activity
美国HIV和乙型肝炎核心抗体阳性人群在转换为无抗乙肝病毒活性的抗逆转录病毒治疗后乙型肝炎复发的队列研究
Rachel V Denyer and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e735–e742, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag001
43
Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in People With HIV After Treatment With Non-hepatitis B Virus-Active Antiretroviral Therapy
接受无抗乙肝病毒活性的抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染者乙型肝炎病毒复发情况
Amir M Mohareb and Anders Boyd
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e743–e745, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag002
44
The Potential Effect of Ending Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Funding for HIV Tests: A Modeling Study in 18 States
终止美国疾病控制与预防中心对HIV检测资助的潜在影响：对18个州的建模研究
Ruchita Balasubramanian and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e746–e754, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag038
45
Cutting Federal Funds for HIV Testing Means Not Ending the HIV Epidemic
削减HIV检测的联邦资金意味着无法终结HIV流行
Sarah E Scott and Joshua A Barocas
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e755–e756, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag039
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（感染控制与医院流行病学）
46
Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of Enhanced Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Prevention Program in General Medicine Wards, Siriraj Hospital
西拉查医院普通内科病房强化碳青霉烯类耐药肠杆菌科细菌预防计划的整群随机对照试验
Apiradee Taweesuk and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e757–e764, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf523
47
Risk Factors Associated With Progression to Clinical Candida auris Infection Among Adults With Previous Colonization—Florida, 2019–2023
2019-2023年佛罗里达州既往定植的成人进展为临床耳念珠菌感染的相关风险因素
Katharine E Saunders and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e765–e772, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf551
48
Using Generative Artificial Intelligence to Identify Central Line–associated Bloodstream Infections
利用生成式人工智能识别中心静脉导管相关血流感染
Daniel J Morgan and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e773–e780, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf636
49
Infection Control in Carceral Facilities
监狱设施中的感染控制
Amadin A Olotu and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e781–e790, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf479
50
Infection Prevention and Control in Carceral Settings
监狱环境中的感染预防与控制
April N McDougal and Lara B Strick
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e791–e793, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf480
51
Impact of Discontinuation of Contact Precautions on Healthcare-associated Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in a Large Tertiary Care Hospital: An Interrupted Time-series Analysis
一家大型三级医院停止接触预防措施对医院获得性产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌的影响：一项中断时间序列分析
Stefano Musumeci and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e794–e798, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf594
Respiratory Infections（呼吸道感染）
52
Estimating Risk of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in US Medicare-enrolled Older Adults Following Medically Attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease: A Self-controlled Case Series Analysis
美国医疗保险参保老年人因需就医的呼吸道合胞病毒疾病后患吉兰-巴雷综合征的风险评估：一项自我对照病例系列分析
Caihua Liang and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e799–e806, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf621
53
Independent Testing to Accelerate the Development of Lateral Flow Assays for Influenza A, Influenza B and SARS-COV-2
独立检测以加速甲型流感、乙型流感和严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型侧流层析检测法的开发
Anuradha Rao and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e807–e815, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf660
54
Diagnostic Yield of Tongue Swab- Compared to Sputum-Based Molecular Testing for Tuberculosis in Four High-Burden Countries
在四个高负担国家，与痰液分子检测相比，舌拭子检测对结核病的诊断效果
Caitlin A Moe and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e816–e823, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag077
55
Are We Ready for the Gift Tongues Can Give to Tuberculosis?
我们准备好接受舌头为结核病诊断带来的“馈赠”了吗？
Michael R Barer
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e824–e825, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag078
Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播感染）
56
Evaluating the Impact of Implementing and Scaling-Up the Use of Syphilis Rapid/Point-of-Care Tests: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis of New Syphilis Positivity Rates in Alberta, Canada
评估实施和扩大梅毒快速/即时检测使用的影响：加拿大阿尔伯塔省新发梅毒阳性率的中断时间序列分析
L Alexa Thompson and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e826–e835, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf651
57
Human Papillomavirus-Related Anal Precancerous Lesions in Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Comparative Study of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Users and HIV-Positive Individuals
男男性行为者中与人乳头瘤病毒相关的肛门癌前病变：暴露前预防用药者与HIV阳性者的对比研究
Magali Surmont and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e836–e842, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf724
58
Is 3 Really What We Need? Relative Effectiveness of Benzathine Penicillin G and Doxycycline Treatment Regimens for Late or Unknown Duration Syphilis in 6 US Jurisdictions, 2016–2021
我们需要“3”吗？2016-2021年美国6个司法管辖区晚期或病程不明梅毒患者使用苄星青霉素G和多西环素治疗方案的相对疗效
River A Pugsley and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e843–e851, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag099
59
Strong Real-World Evidence That a Single Dose of Benzathine Penicillin G or a 28-Day Course of Oral Doxycycline Is Not Inferior to 3 Doses of Benzathine Penicillin G for the Treatment of Late Latent or Unknown Duration Syphilis
强力现实证据表明，单剂苄星青霉素G或28天口服多西环素治疗晚期潜伏梅毒或病程不明梅毒的疗效并不逊于3剂苄星青霉素G
Noah Kojima and Jeffrey D Klausner
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e852–e854, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag101
Vaccines（疫苗）
60
Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of Revaccination With mRNA-1345, an mRNA Vaccine Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Administered 12 Months Following a Primary Dose in Adults Aged ≥50 Years
对≥50岁成年人，在初次接种12个月后再次接种针对呼吸道合胞病毒的mRNA疫苗mRNA-1345的安全性、耐受性和免疫原性
Jaya Goswami and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e855–e862, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf515
61
Analysis of Antibody Markers as Immune Correlates of Risk of Severe COVID-19 in the PREVENT-19 Efficacy Trial of the NVX-CoV2373 Recombinant Protein Vaccine
在NVX-CoV2373重组蛋白疫苗PREVENT-19有效性试验中，抗体标志物作为严重新型冠状病毒肺炎风险免疫相关因素的分析
Youyi Fong and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e863–e874, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf558
62
Is It Time to Reassess the Target Age of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Globally?
现在是时候重新评估全球人乳头瘤病毒疫苗接种的目标年龄了吗？
Edie Brassington and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e875–e883, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf679
63
Preschool or Infant Human Papillomavirus Immunization?
学龄前还是婴儿期接种人乳头瘤病毒疫苗？
Mark A Kane and Eduardo L Franco
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e884–e886, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf678
Correspondence（读者来信）
64
Caution in Interpreting Equivalence From Nonsignificant Findings in Antiretroviral Switch Studies
谨慎解读抗逆转录病毒药物转换研究中非显著性结果得出的等效性结论
Esteban Martinez
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e887–e888, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf675
65
Clarifying INSTINCT: Switching From Dolutegravir/Lamivudine to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Shows Comparable Inflammatory and Weight Outcomes
阐明INSTINCT研究：从多替拉韦/拉米夫定转换为比克替拉韦/恩曲他滨/丙酚替诺福韦显示出相似的炎症和体重结果
Sergio Serrano-Villar and Santiago Moreno
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e888–e889, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf676
66
Can Doxycycline Prophylaxis Indirectly Reduce Congenital Syphilis?
多西环素预防能否间接降低先天性梅毒的发生率？
Kalpana Gopalkrishnan and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e889–e891, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf694
67
The Urgency of Now: Congenital Syphilis in the Doxycycline Post-exposure Prophylaxis Era
迫在眉睫：多西环素暴露后预防时代的先天性梅毒问题
Matthew A Spinelli and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Page e891, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf695
68
Routine HIV RNA Testing During Injectable Cabotegravir and Oral Preexposure Prophylaxis Use
注射用卡博特韦和口服暴露前预防用药期间进行常规HIV RNA检测
Angelo Roberto Raccagni and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e891–e892, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf702
69
Simplifying Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus During Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Monitoring
简化暴露前预防监测期间的人类免疫缺陷病毒检测
Weiming Zhu and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e892–e893, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf703
70
Methodological Considerations in Evaluating Oral Antivirals for B-Cell-Depleted Patients
评估B细胞耗竭患者口服抗病毒药物的方法学考量
Wenjing Chen and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e893–e894, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf717
71
Target Trial Emulation of Oral Antivirals for B-Cell-Depleted COVID-19 Patients—Reply to Chen et al
B细胞耗竭型新型冠状病毒肺炎患者口服抗病毒药物的靶试验模拟——回复Chen等人的评论
Xiaofeng F Wang and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e894–e895, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf718
72
Misleading Conclusion That Is Not in Accordance With the Results of the Reported Randomized, Controlled Trial
与所报告的随机对照试验结果不符的误导性结论
Charlotte Strøm
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e895–e896, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf659
73
Vaccine Policy Pendulum: A Lesson From Japan
疫苗政策摇摆不定：日本的教训
Masaki Machida and Wakaba Fukushima
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e896–e897, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf689
74
Herpes Zoster, Vaccine, and Stroke Risk
带状疱疹、疫苗与中风风险
Shih-Wei Lai and Sheng-Chun Chiu
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 4, 15 April 2026, Pages e897–e898, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf725
Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue Supplement_4
临床传染病学 82卷 增刊4期
https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/82/Supplement_4
SUPPLEMENT（增刊）
IDWeek Industry Highlights 2025
传染病之周2025 行业亮点
SUPPLEMENT ARTICLES（增补论著）
1
Selected Industry Highlights From IDWeek 2025
传染病之周2025 精选行业亮点
Jean-Jacques Parienti and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_4, 15 May 2026, Pages S85–S86, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag206
2
Differing Presentations of Excess Visceral Abdominal Fat in People Living With HIV: Two Clinical Cases Highlighting Distinct Therapeutic Pathways With Tesamorelin and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
HIV感染者内脏腹部脂肪过多的不同表现：两例临床病例展示特沙莫瑞林与胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂的不同治疗路径
Robin Beach and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_4, 15 May 2026, Pages S87–S91, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag121
3
Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing in Central Nervous System Infections: Clinical Strategies, Evidence, and Best Practices
宏基因组二代测序在中枢神经系统感染中的应用：临床策略、证据与最佳实践
Greer Waldrop and Sumanth P Reddy
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_4, 15 May 2026, Pages S92–S99, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag120
Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 5
临床传染病学 82卷 5期
https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/
ID Art Through the Ages（穿越时代的传染病技艺）
1
Vaccination Detail, Detroit Industry
疫苗接种细节，底特律工业
Mary Grizzard and Michael Grizzard
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag119
In the Literature（本期精选）
2
In the Literature
本期精选
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages ii–iv, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag180
Voices of ID（传染病之声）
3
Infected With the Academic Bug
染上学术热
Sigrun Einarsdottir
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 743–744, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf546
HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病）
4
Predictive Value of C-reactive Protein for Hospitalization and Mortality Among People With Advanced HIV Disease in Uganda Receiving the World Health Organization-recommended Package of Care
C反应蛋白对乌干达接受世界卫生组织推荐治疗方案的晚期HIV疾病患者住院和死亡的预测价值
Elizabeth L Schwartz and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 745–752, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf560
5
Effects of Semaglutide on Cognitive Function in People With HIV: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
塞马谷肽对HIV感染者认知功能的影响：一项随机对照试验
Ornina Atieh and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 753–761, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf577
6
Earlier Initiation of Treatment Following HIV Acquisition Reduces Non-AIDS-defining Malignancy Risk
HIV感染后尽早启动治疗可降低非艾滋病相关性恶性肿瘤风险
Iris A J van der Wulp and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 762–772, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf595
7
Let's Get It Started: Early Antiretroviral Treatment After HIV Acquisition Reduces Non–AIDS-Defining Malignancies
让我们开始吧：HIV感染后尽早启动抗逆转录病毒治疗可减少非艾滋病相关性恶性肿瘤
Nancy Crum
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 773–775, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf596
8
Trends in Age-Related Health Outcomes in People with HIV in Spain, 2006–2023
2006–2023年西班牙HIV感染者年龄相关健康结局的趋势
Javier Martínez-Sanz and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 776–784, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf622
9
Emergent HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Randomized Trials of Contemporary Antiretroviral Regimens
当代抗逆转录病毒方案随机试验中新发HIV-1耐药性
Josep M Llibre and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 785–798, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf471
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology（感染控制与医院流行病学）
10
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transmission in Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review of Frequency, Risk Factors, and Exposure Conditions
医疗机构中结核分枝杆菌传播：频率、危险因素及暴露条件的系统综述
Fizza Manzoor and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 799–807, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag053
Medical Microbiology（医学微生物学）
11
Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing of Cerebrospinal Fluid: First-year Experience at a Tertiary Referral Hospital
脑脊液宏基因组二代测序：一家三级转诊医院首年经验
Sergio Alvarez Mulett and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 808–814, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf390
12
Navigating Nomenclature in Patient Care: Taxonomy Considerations From the College of American Pathologists’Microbiology Committee
患者诊疗中的命名导航：美国病理学家学会微生物学委员会的分类学考量
Jennifer Dien Bard and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 815–821, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf474
13
Implementing Point-of-Care Testing in Infectious Diseases
在感染性疾病中实施床旁检测
Jean-Claude Nguyen Van and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 822–828, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf650
Mycobacterial Infections（分枝杆菌感染）
14
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus in Tuberculosis (TB) Patients on TB Transmission
糖尿病对结核病（TB）患者TB传播的影响
Chuan-Chin Huang and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 829–840, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf647
15
Association of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis With Crohn's Disease: A Large Multicenter Study From a Tuberculosis-Endemic Region
副结核分枝杆菌与克罗恩病的关联：来自结核病流行地区的一项大型多中心研究
Sudheer Kumar Vuyyuru and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 841–847, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf738
16
Short-Course Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in a High Migration Setting: Early Experience With 1HP in Cook County, Illinois
高移民背景下的短程结核病预防性治疗：库克县（伊利诺伊州）1HP方案的早期经验
Samuel Starke and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 848–851, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf723
17
Role of Low-Dose Infliximab for Inflammatory Complications of Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
低剂量英夫利昔单抗在中枢神经系统结核炎性并发症中的作用：一项回顾性队列研究
Selwyn Selva Kumar D and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 852–856, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf573
18
Targeting Inflammation in Tuberculous Meningitis Treatment
靶向结核性脑膜炎治疗中的炎症
Guy E Thwaites
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 857–859, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf574
Pediatric and Maternal Infectious（儿科与孕产妇感染）
19
A 15-year Single-center Analysis of Late-onset Group B Streptococcus Infection Correlating Clinical Severity With Pathogen Virulence Determinants
晚发型B族链球菌感染的15年单中心分析：临床严重程度与病原体毒力因子的相关性
Carl Britto and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 860–867, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf603
20
Evaluating Personal and Environmental Decolonization Strategies for Children With Skin and Soft Tissue Infection and Their Households — A Randomized Clinical Trial
评估皮肤和软组织感染儿童及其家庭的个人与环境去定植策略——一项随机临床试验
Alaina L Robinson and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 868–877, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf627
Surgical Infectious Diseases（外科感染）
21
Impact of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE)–Active Perioperative Prophylaxis in Liver Transplant Patients Colonized by VRE
万古霉素耐药肠球菌（VRE）主动围手术期预防对VRE定植肝移植受者的影响
Giulia Jole Burastero and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 878–887, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf121
22
Cephalosporins Versus Non-cephalosporin Antibiotics for Perioperative Prophylaxis in Primary Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
头孢菌素与非头孢菌素类抗生素在初次关节置换术围手术期预防中的比较：系统综述与荟萃分析
Rita Igwilo-Alaneme and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 888–900, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag172
Photo Quizzes（影像问答）
23
Safari Souvenir: A Case of Fever in a Returning Traveler
safari纪念品：一例返程旅行者发热病例
Nicole L Kusnik and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 901–903, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag129
24
Diagnostic Pitfalls—When First Appearances Can Deceive
诊断陷阱——当表象具有欺骗性
Annie Caldwell and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages 904–907, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag044
Clinical Trials（临床试验）
25
Evaluation of a Remote Therapeutic Monitoring Device and Integrated Care Platform in Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy
远程治疗监测设备与综合护理平台在门诊肠外抗微生物治疗中的评估
Emily A Siegrist and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e899–e909, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag009
26
Dolutegravir Reduces Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Proviral Load and Improves Neurological Outcomes in a Phase 2 Controlled Trial
多替拉韦降低人T淋巴细胞病毒1型前病毒载量并改善神经系统预后：一项2期对照试验
Carlos Brites and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e910–e920, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag163
27
Dolutegravir Appears to Lower Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Proviral Load: The Emerging Rational Approach to Treatment of HTLV-1–Associated Myelopathy
多替拉韦似乎可降低人T淋巴细胞病毒1型（HTLV-1）前病毒载量：HTLV-1相关脊髓病治疗的新兴理性方法
Eric A Meyerowitz
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e921–e922, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag164
COVID-19 / SARS COV-2（新冠肺炎/严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型）
28
Overlapping Clinical Presentation of Long COVID and Postacute COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome: Phenotypes, Severity, and Biomarkers
长效新冠与急性新冠疫苗接种后综合征的临床表现重叠：表型、严重程度及生物标志物
Lawrence Purpura and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e923–e931, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf624
29
Integrating Genomic Data into Test-negative Designs for Estimating Lineage-specific COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness
将基因组数据整合入检测阴性设计以估计谱系特异性COVID-19疫苗有效性
Kevin C Ma and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e932–e941, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag059
Hepatitis（肝炎）
30
Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in People With HIV
HIV感染者经直接抗病毒药物治疗丙型肝炎病毒后肝细胞癌的风险
Daniela K van Santen and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e942–e950, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf635
31
Fatal Overdose, Acute Viral Hepatitis, and HIV Attributed to Injection Drug Use, Appalachian Region of the United States, 2000–2023
阿巴拉契亚地区2000–2023年注射吸毒导致的致命过量、急性病毒性肝炎及HIV
Danae Bixler and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e951–e959, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf730
32
Estimated Hepatitis C Prevalence and Viral Clearance Using Residual Sera From a Large Commercial Laboratory: November 2023–September 2024
利用大型商业实验室剩余血清估算丙型肝炎患病率及病毒清除率：2023年11月至2024年9月
Megan G Hofmeister and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e960–e966, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag007
HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病）
33
State AIDS Drug Assistance Programs’Contribution to the US Viral Suppression, 2015–2022
美国各州艾滋病药物援助项目对全美病毒抑制的贡献，2015–2022年
Kathleen A McManus and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e967–e973, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag034
34
Centering AIDS Drug Assistance Programs in the US HIV Response
将艾滋病药物援助项目置于美国HIV应对的核心
Benjamin P Linas
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e974–e975, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag035
35
Association of Immunodeficiency and HIV Viremia With Cervical Precancer and Cancer Risk Among Women With HIV in South Africa
南非HIV感染女性中免疫缺陷和HIV病毒血症与宫颈癌前病变及癌症风险的关联
Yann Ruffieux and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e976–e983, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag093
36
Antiretroviral Activity, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety of MK-8527, an Oral Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Translocation Inhibitor, in Adults With HIV-1 Who Had Not Previously Taken Antiretroviral Agents: Results From 2 Open-Label, Phase 1 Studies
MK-8527（一种口服核苷逆转录酶转位抑制剂）在既往未接受过抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV-1感染成人中的抗逆转录病毒活性、药代动力学及安全性：来自两项开放标签1期研究的结果
Russ P Carstens and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e984–e991, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag135
37
Point-of-Care Urine Tenofovir Drug-Level Feedback Counseling Improves Long-Term Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence for US Men Who Have Sex With Men in Pilot RCT
床旁尿液替诺福韦药物浓度反馈咨询改善美国男男性行为者长期暴露前预防用药依从性——一项先导随机对照试验
Matthew A Spinelli and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e992–e995, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag080
Mycobacterial Infections（分枝杆菌感染）
38
Diagnostic Accuracy of the STANDARD F TB-Feron FIA Assay for Tuberculosis Infection in Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Study
STANDARD F TB-Feron FIA检测在越南结核感染诊断中的准确性：一项横断面研究
Han Thi Nguyen and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e996–e1004, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf561
39
Asymptomatic Tuberculosis in Children With Household Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
有结核分枝杆菌家庭接触史儿童中的无症状结核病
Humphrey Mulenga and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1005–e1013, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf562
40
Insights into the Role of Rifampicin Exposure and Clinical Baseline Covariates on the Response to Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment
利福平暴露及临床基线协变量对肺结核治疗反应影响的深入认识
Marie Wijk and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1014–e1022, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf586
41
Tuberculosis Infection Screening Recommendations for Targeted Immunotherapies: Comparison of US Prescribing Information, Clinical Resources, and Quality Measures
靶向免疫治疗的结核感染筛查建议：美国处方信息、临床资源与质量指标的比较
Matthew T Murrill and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1023–e1035, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf628
42
Pharmacokinetics of Dexamethasone in Tuberculous Meningitis
地塞米松在结核性脑膜炎中的药代动力学
Jose M Calderin and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1036–e1042, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf642
43
One Piece in the Puzzle of Tuberculous Meningitis: Dexamethasone Pharmacokinetics
结核性脑膜炎拼图中的一块：地塞米松药代动力学
Tjip S van der Werf and Marieke G G Sturkenboom
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1043–e1044, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf644
44
Future Prospects for Using Clinical Phenotypes in Tuberculosis Precision Medicine—An Approach for Clinical Management
临床表型用于结核精准医学的未来前景——一种临床管理方法
Katarina Niward and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1045–e1052, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf663
Pediatric and Maternal Infectious Diseases（儿科与孕产妇感染）
45
Maternal, Pregnancy, and Infant Outcomes in Women Treated for Multidrug-Resistant/Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis With Novel and Repurposed Drugs in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省接受新型及重新利用药物治疗耐多药/利福平耐药结核病的女性的母婴预后
Marian Loveday and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1053–e1062, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf593
46
Pregnant Women With Multidrug-Resistant/Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis and the All-Oral 6-Month Regimen: Experiences From a Patient Series in South Africa
南非耐多药/利福平耐药结核病孕妇与全口服6个月方案：一例系列患者的经验
Marian Loveday and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1063–e1071, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag032
47
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Shedding and T-cell Immune Responses in HCMV-seropositive Women During Pregnancy and Postpartum: Prevalence, Natural History, and Risk Factors
HCMV血清阳性女性孕期及产后人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）排毒和T细胞免疫应答：患病率、自然史及危险因素
Shari Sapuan and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1072–e1082, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag076
Vaccines（疫苗）
48
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Fourth Dose of Omicron BA.1–Adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccines in Adults 18–55 Years Old
奥密克戎BA.1适配BNT162b2 COVID-19疫苗第四剂在18–55岁成人中的安全性和免疫原性
Patricia Winokur and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1083–e1092, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag026
49
Immunogenicity and Safety of the AS01E-adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Prefusion F Protein Vaccine in Adults Aged 18–49 Years at Increased Risk of RSV Disease Compared with Adults Aged ≥60 Years
AS01E佐剂呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）预融合F蛋白疫苗在18–49岁RSV高风险成人中与≥60岁成人的免疫原性和安全性比较
Essack Mitha and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1093–e1103, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag058
50
Real-World Effectiveness of RSVpreF and RSVpreF3 Vaccines in Preventing Hospitalization and Emergency Department Visits Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Older Adults: A Meta-analysis
RSVpreF和RSVpreF3疫苗在预防老年人RSV相关住院和急诊就诊中的真实世界有效性：一项荟萃分析
Dewan Md Sumsuzzman and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1104–e1111, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag107
51
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Interim Findings From a Phase 3 Trial of mRNA-1345
实体器官移植受者的呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗接种：mRNA-1345三期试验中期结果
Erick F Mayer and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1112–e1121, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag108
Photo Quiz（影像问答）
52
Crusted, Chronic, and Confusing
结痂、慢性化与困惑
Luisa Hurtado-Rossi and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1122–e1125, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf583
Correspondence（读者来信）
53
Unmasking the Hidden Guests: Referral and Secondary Infection Biases in Cutibacterium Endocarditis
揭开隐藏的访客：Cutibacterium心内膜炎中的转诊偏倚和二次感染偏倚
Shuo Li and Lin Wang
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Page e1126, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf733
54
Reply to Willoughby on the Demise of the Milwaukee Protocol for Rabies
对Willoughby关于密尔沃基狂犬病方案终结的回复
Alan C Jackson and Thiravat Hemachudha
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1126–e1127, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf734
55
Estimating Vaccine Effectiveness Against Symptomatic Infection From Its Effectiveness Against Asymptomatic Infection
从无症状感染的疫苗有效性估算有症状感染的疫苗有效性
Eyal Shahar
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1127–e1128, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf735
56
Contextualizing On-Therapy Resistance Development With Novel Antibiotics: Interplay Between Timing of Therapy Initiation and Critical Illness–Linked Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Unpredictability
新型抗生素治疗中耐药产生的情境化解读：治疗启动时机与危重疾病相关药代动力学/药效学不可预测性之间的相互作用
Dilip Dubey and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1128–e1129, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag010
57
The Clinical Thermometer as the First Home Test for Infectious Disease
临床体温计：感染性疾病的首个家用检测工具
Michele Augusto Riva
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1129–e1130, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag030
58
Methodology Misrepresented: Correcting the Record on the American Thoracic Society Community-acquired Pneumonia Guideline Process
方法论被歪曲：更正美国胸科学会社区获得性肺炎指南制定过程的记录
Kevin C Wilson and Eyal Oren
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1130–e1131, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag040
59
Misleading Comments About the Impact of Early Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccination on Neonatal and Infant Mortality
关于早期卡介苗接种对新生儿和婴儿死亡率影响的误导性评论
Peter Aaby and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1131–e1132, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag065
60
Questioning Non-inferiority: Methodological Concerns in the Meta-analysis of Oral vs Intravenous Therapy for Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
质疑非劣效性：金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症口服与静脉治疗荟萃分析中的方法学问题
Dawd S Siraj and Fauzia Hollnagel
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1132–e1133, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag070
61
Problems With Electronic Health Record Penicillin Allergy Mislabeling and Recommendations for Their Correction
电子健康记录中青霉素过敏标注错误的问题及纠正建议
David J Witt and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Page e1134, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag086
62
Complex Problem, Digital Cure? Rethinking Penicillin Allergy Relabeling Using Technology-Enabled Care
复杂问题，数字解药？利用技术赋能护理重新思考青霉素过敏重新标注
Elise A Mitri and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 5, 15 May 2026, Pages e1135–e1137, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag084
Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue Supplement_5
临床传染病学 82卷 增刊5期
https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/
SUPPLEMENT（增刊）
ADVANCE-ID: Conducting Innovative Clinical Trials and Promoting Access for Antibiotics in Asia
ADVANCE-ID：在亚洲开展创新临床试验并推动抗生素可及性
SUPPLEMENT ARTICLES（增补论著）
1
Advancing Clinical Evidence in Infectious Diseases: An Infectious Diseases Clinical Trials Network for Asia, the “Antimicrobial Resistance Hot Zone”
推进感染病临床证据：面向亚洲——这一"耐药热点区域"——的感染性疾病临床试验网络
David L Paterson
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S101–S104, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag122
2
Global Survey on the Management of Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacilli: Divergence of Practice Between High-Income Countries and the Rest of the World
多重耐药革兰阴性杆菌管理的全球调查：高收入国家与世界其他地区的实践差异
Abi Manesh and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S105–S115, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag025
3
Efficacy and Safety of Newer Antibiotics Versus Generic Antibiotics for Hospital-Acquired and Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
新型抗生素与仿制抗生素治疗医院获得性及呼吸机相关性细菌性肺炎的疗效与安全性：随机对照试验的系统综述与荟萃分析
Anh T K Nguyen and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S116–S125, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag045
4
Antibiotic Clinical Trials: A Review of the Past, Present Challenges, and Potential Solutions
抗生素临床试验：回顾过去、当前挑战及潜在解决方案
Melissa J Hardy and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S126–S137, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag017
5
Considerations in Designing Clinical Trials of Novel Antibacterial Agents Using a Superiority Design
采用优效性设计开展新型抗菌药物临床试验的考量
David L Paterson and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S138–S146, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag207
6
Consent Modes and Consent Rates in Randomized Controlled Trials for Severe Infections: A Scoping Review
严重感染随机对照试验中的知情同意方式与同意率：范围性综述
Yiyun Shou and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S147–S153, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf715
7
Challenges to Accessing Newer Antibiotics for Multidrug-resistant Bacterial Infections in Asia: A Literature Review of Multi-Stakeholder Perspectives
亚洲多重耐药细菌感染中获取新型抗生素的挑战：多利益相关方视角的文献综述
Alec F Aligui and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue Supplement_5, 15 June 2026, Pages S154–S161, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag024
Clinical Infectious Diseases Volume 82 Issue 6
临床传染病学 82卷 6期
https://academic.oup.com/cid/issue/
ID Art Through the Ages（传染病艺术长河）
1
Cover Illustration for Camus' The Plague, 1948
加缪《鼠疫》封面插画，1948年
Michael B Grizzard and Mary Grizzard
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Page i, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag182
In the Literature（文献札记）
2
In the Literature
文献札记
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages ii–v, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag181
State-of-the-Art Review（前沿综述）
3
State-of-the-Art Review: Contemporary Ambulatory Approach to Adult Fever of Unknown Origin
前沿综述：成人不明原因发热的当代门诊诊疗方案
William F Wright and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 909–926, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag158
Ethics Rounds（伦理巡诊）
4
Antibiotics in Hospice: Applying the Four-Quadrant Approach to Improve Patient-Centered Care
安宁疗护中的抗菌药物使用：运用四象限诊疗模式优化以患者为中心的照护
Patrick D Crowley and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 927–930, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag057
Voices of ID（传染病之声）
5
I Died—and Was Brought Back to Life—Twice
我两次濒死，又重获新生
Richard E. Sutton
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 931–933, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf612
Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship（抗生素耐药与管理）
6
Using Encounter-Level Data for Risk-Adjustment of Antimicrobial Use Comparisons: Feasibility and Variable Selection
利用就诊层面数据开展抗菌药物使用对比的风险校正：可行性与变量筛选研究
Rebekah W Moehring and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 934–943, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf682
7
Moving Closer to Patient-Level Risk Adjustment for Hospital Antimicrobial Use
推进住院患者抗菌药物使用的个体化风险校正体系构建
Jonathan D Baghdadi and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 944–945, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf683
8
Macrolide and Nonmacrolide Resistance After 36 Months of Mass Azithromycin Distribution in Burkina Faso: A Cluster Randomized Trial
布基纳法索大规模阿奇霉素分发36个月后大环内酯类与非大环内酯类耐药情况：一项整群随机对照试验
Catherine E Oldenburg and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 946–953, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag051
9
Using Probability of Community-Acquired Pneumonia to Tailor Antimicrobials Among Inpatients: A Pragmatic, Randomized Trial
基于社区获得性肺炎发病概率为住院患者个体化选用抗菌药物：一项实用性随机对照试验
Jonathan D Baghdadi and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 954–961, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag126
10
ALARA in Antimicrobial Stewardship: Adapting Radiation Safety Principles to Address Antibiotic Overuse
抗菌药物管理中的ALARA原则：借鉴辐射安全理念管控抗生素过度使用
Zachary T Aldewereld and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 962–967, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf688
Clinical Practice and Policy（临床实践与医疗政策）
11
Assessment of an Infectious Disease eConsult Service at a Large Mid-Atlantic Healthcare System
美国中大西洋大型医疗体系感染病线上会诊服务应用效果评估
Ava Hunt and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 968–970, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf736
12
H.U.S.T.L.E: A Consult Fitness Guide for Infectious Diseases Providers
H.U.S.T.L.E指南：感染科医师会诊工作实操指南
Gonzalo Bearman and Priya Nori
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 971–975, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf672
13
More Than a Message: Death by a 1000 “Chats”
不止简单文字沟通：无休止线上问诊带来的诊疗困境
Darcy Wooten and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 976–978, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag094
14
The Erosion of a Pillar of Public Health: ACIP's Role and the Future of US Vaccine Policy Post-June 2025
公共卫生支柱职能削弱：美国免疫实践咨询委员会的职能变迁与2025年6月后疫苗政策走向
Edwin J Asturias and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 979–985, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag042
15
Worldwide Impact of ACIP's 2025 Overhaul
2025年美国免疫实践咨询委员会政策修订的全球影响
Louis Bont and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 986–987, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag043
Hepatitis（肝炎）
16
Trends in Reflexive Hepatitis C Virus Testing in a National US Laboratory: A Retrospective Study From 2018 to 2024
美国国家级实验室丙型肝炎病毒 reflex联动检测趋势：2018–2024年回顾性研究
Min Kyung Lee and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 988–992, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag227
17
Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir Concentrations in the Breastmilk of Postpartum Women With Opioid Use Disorder Receiving Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus: A Pharmacokinetic Study
合并阿片类物质使用障碍的产后丙肝治疗女性母乳中索磷布韦/维帕他韦药物浓度：药代动力学研究
Catherine A Chappell and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 993–996, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf443
HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病）
18
Incidence of Community-acquired Pneumonia and Herpes Zoster in People With HIV Based on CD4 Count and Age in the Current Antiretroviral Therapy Era: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
当前抗逆转录病毒治疗时代，基于CD4计数与年龄划分的HIV感染者社区获得性肺炎、带状疱疹发病风险：一项纵向队列研究
Elsemieke te Linde and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 997–1006, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf686
19
Switch to Bictegravir/Tenofovir Alafenamide/Emtrictabine or Dolutegravir + Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtrictabine in Virologically Suppressed People With HIV: Outcomes in Real-world Setting With and Without Tenofovir Resistance
病毒学抑制HIV感染者转换为比克替拉韦/丙酚替诺福韦/恩曲他滨方案或多替拉韦+富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯/恩曲他滨方案：有无替诺福韦耐药人群真实世界转归
Alain Makinson and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1007–1014, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf726
20
Hepatitis B Outcomes After Switching to Long-Acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine in People With HIV: Reactivation, Incident Infection, and Liver Safety Across Diverse Serological Profiles
HIV感染者转换长效卡博特韦/利匹韦林后的乙肝转归：病毒再激活、新发感染及不同血清学状态下肝脏安全性
Alberto Foncillas and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1015–1022, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag023
21
Virological Failure on Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine: An Analysis of Subtypes, Drug Levels, Resistance, and Therapeutic Implications
长效注射卡博特韦联合利匹韦林治疗发生病毒学失败：亚型、血药浓度、耐药突变及临床诊疗意义分析
Maria Mazzitelli and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1023–1031, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag046
22
What Are the Causes and Consequences of Virological Failure on Long-acting Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine?
长效卡博特韦/利匹韦林方案病毒学失败的诱因与临床后果
Andrew Hill and Chloe Orkin
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1032–1034, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag047
Parasitic Infections（寄生虫感染）
23
Cerebral Malaria and Severe Malarial Anemia, but not Other Forms of Severe Malaria, Are Associated With Long-Term Cognitive Impairment
脑型疟疾与重症疟疾性贫血（其余重症疟疾亚型除外）与远期认知损伤相关
Paul Bangirana and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1035–1041, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf712
24
Not All Forms of Severe Malaria Impair Long-term Cognition—More Characterization, More Questions
并非所有重症疟疾均会造成长期认知损害——仍需更多分层研究与探索
Karl B Seydel and Stephen T J Ray
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1042–1043, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf713
25
Frequent Plasmodium ovale Recurrence in Coastal Tanzania
坦桑尼亚沿海地区卵形疟原虫高复发率研究
Kelly Carey-Ewend and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1044–1051, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag199
26
Invisible Malarias
隐匿性疟疾
J Kevin Baird
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1052–1053, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag201
Sexually Transmitted Infections（性传播疾病）
27
A Pilot, Randomized Controlled Trial of Dual Daily HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Using Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine and Doxycycline in Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women: The DuDHS Study
男男性行为人群及跨性别女性每日口服HIV联合性病暴露前预防（富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯/恩曲他滨加多西环素）先导随机对照试验：DuDHS研究
Troy Grennan and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1054–1062, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf043
28
A New Choice for Doxycycline Prophylaxis
多西环素暴露前预防新选择
Jeffrey D Klausner
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1063–1064, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf044
29
Antimicrobial-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections in Men Using Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis: A Substudy of the ANRS 174 DOXYVAC Trial
服用多西环素暴露后预防男性的耐药淋病奈瑟菌感染情况：ANRS 174 DOXYVAC子研究
Béatrice Berçot and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1065–1074, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf591
30
Sustained Effectiveness of Doxycycline Post-Exposure-Prophylaxis in a Large Sexual Health Clinic Over 96 Weeks: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
大型性病诊疗中心多西环素暴露后预防96周持续有效率：间断时间序列分析
Matthew A Spinelli and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1075–1078, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf234
Photo Quiz（影像问答）
31
A 3-Year-Old Girl With a Chest Wall Mass
3岁女童胸壁肿块一例
Deema Gashgarey and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1079–1081, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag028
32
Why Are Gonorrhea Case Rates Declining in the United States? A Research Agenda
美国淋病报告病例数下降原因：后续研究方向展望
Kirstin I Oliveira Roster and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1082–1090, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf690
33
Fever in a Man with Uncontrolled HIV
HIV控制不佳男性发热病例
Tristan Jones and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages 1091–1095, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag056
Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship（抗生素耐药与管理）
34
Human Cases of Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli Linked to Spread Between Animals and the Environment in a Veterinary Facility—Massachusetts, USA, 2023
2023年美国马萨诸塞州：动物诊疗机构内动物与环境传播引发人感染产碳青霉烯酶大肠埃希菌病例
Ian M DeStefano and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1138–e1144, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf541
35
Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales in Pets: A New Threat From Veterinary Clinics
宠物携带产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌目细菌：动物诊所带来的新型感染威胁
Vincent Perreten and Andrea Endimiani
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1145–e1147, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf544
36
Direct Oral Challenge for Penicillin Allergy: The International Network of Antibiotic Allergy Nations (iNAAN) Study
青霉素过敏口服药物激发试验：国际抗生素过敏协作网络（iNAAN）研究
Elise A Mitri and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1148–e1162, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag082
37
Direct Oral Challenge for Penicillin Allergy: A Hospital Implementation Evaluation Via the International Network of Antibiotic Allergy Nations (iNAAN) Study
青霉素过敏口服激发试验院内落地实施效果评估——基于国际抗生素过敏协作网络（iNAAN）研究
Elise A Mitri and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1163–e1170, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag083
Bacterial Infections（细菌感染）
38
Clinical Manifestations, Long-Term Trends, and Risk Factors for Treatment Failure in Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis: A 26-Year Mayo Clinic Experience
原发性椎体骨髓炎临床表现、26年长期发病趋势及治疗失败危险因素：梅奥诊所单中心经验
Takahiro Matsuo and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1171–e1180, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag048
39
The Management of Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis Remains Unchanged: Are Additional Trials Necessary?
原发性椎体骨髓炎诊疗方案无实质性更新：是否仍需开展更多临床试验？
Werner Zimmerli
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1181–e1183, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag049
40
Clinical Characteristics and Survival of Hospitalized Anthrax Patients with Pleural, Pericardial, or Peritoneal Fluid Collections
合并胸腔、心包、腹腔积液的住院炭疽患者临床特征与生存预后
Jon-Erik C Holty and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1184–e1193, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag113
41
Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections: From an Invisible Impact to a Visible Change in Complex Care
单纯性尿路感染：从隐匿疾病负担到复杂诊疗体系的诊疗变革
Rafael Cantón and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1194–e1199, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf705
Emerging Infections（新型感染）
42
Six Cases of Borealpox and Evidence of a Zoonotic Source: Alaska, 2020–2023
2020–2023年阿拉斯加6例北极痘病例及动物源性传播证据
Eric Q Mooring and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1200–e1207, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf497
43
Measles Without Rash During Acute Febrile Illness Surveillance in Tanzania, 2023–2024
2023–2024年坦桑尼亚急性发热监测中无皮疹麻疹病例
Saning'o Lukumay and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1208–e1215, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf582
44
Melioidosis Complicated by Native Valve Endocarditis in a Traveler Returning From Thailand to the United States
泰国归国旅行者罹患类鼻疽合并原生瓣膜心内膜炎
Akash Gupta and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1216–e1221, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag003
HIV/AIDs（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病）
45
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Survival in People With and Without HIV in the United States, 2001–2019
2001–2019年美国HIV阳性与阴性人群肝细胞癌生存预后对比
Jennifer K McGee-Avila and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1222–e1231, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag137
46
Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events With Dolutegravir Versus Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy: Emulated Target Trials Using Routine, De-identified Data From South Africa
多替拉韦方案对比依非韦伦方案抗逆转录病毒治疗重大心血管不良事件风险：基于南非匿名常规医疗数据的模拟目标试验
Jienchi Dorward and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1232–e1241, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag155
47
Patterns of HIV-1 Viral Load Suppression and Drug Resistance During the Dolutegravir Transition: A Population-based Longitudinal Study
全面切换多替拉韦治疗期间HIV-1病毒载量抑制水平与耐药突变特征：一项人群纵向研究
Michael A Martin and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1242–e1251, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag161
48
Renal and Cardiovascular Complications Following Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in People With and Without HIV: Data From the Cohort Study on Morbidity and HIV in Sweden (COSMOHS) Between 2010 and 2024
合并2型糖尿病的HIV感染者与非感染者肾脏及心血管并发症：瑞典HIV发病队列研究（COSMOHS）2010–2024数据
Isabela Killander Möller and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1252–e1261, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag261
49
Progression Risk in Cancer Patients with HIV Compared with Cancer Patients Without HIV
HIV阳性肿瘤患者相较于阴性患者的疾病进展风险
Derek Schneider and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1262–e1265, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag170
Infections in Older Adults（老年人群感染）
50
Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Among Older Adults With an Acute Respiratory Infection: A Prospective Study in Six European Countries
急性呼吸道感染老年患者呼吸道合胞病毒疾病负担：欧洲六国前瞻性研究
Manel Terns Riera and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1266–e1276, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag146
51
Health-related Quality of Life in European Older Adults with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Over Three Respiratory Syncytial Virus Seasons
连续三个流行季欧洲老年呼吸道合胞病毒感染者健康相关生活质量调查
Manel Terns Riera and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1277–e1288, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag147
52
The Renaissance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Diagnosis: How Understanding Burden Can Inform Clinical Practice and Demonstrate the Benefit of Vaccines
呼吸道合胞病毒诊断技术革新：明晰疾病负担指导临床实践、印证疫苗获益价值
Angela R Branche
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1289–e1291, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag148
Mycobacterial Infections（分枝杆菌感染）
53
Hidden in Success: Gendered Patterns of Suboptimal Care Engagement Among Tuberculosis Patients Who“Successfully” Completed Treatment in South Africa
治愈背后的隐忧：南非“治疗成功”结核患者就医依从性的性别差异
Andrew Medina-Marino and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1292–e1301, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf714
54
Prevalence and Predictors of Tuberculosis in Adults and Adolescents With Sputum Trace Ultra Results in 2 High-Burden Clinical Settings
两大高结核负担临床中心痰Xpert Ultra微量阳性成人及青少年结核患病率与预测因素
Caitlin Visek and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1302–e1310, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag019
55
“Trace-MTB” on Sputum Xpert Ultra: New Evidence for Interpretation in High-burden Settings
痰Xpert Ultra“微量结核分枝杆菌”阳性：高结核负担地区判读新证据
Bianca Sossen and Neil Martinson
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1311–e1312, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag018
56
Diagnostic Accuracy of Molecular Testing on Saliva and Oral Swabs for Pulmonary Tuberculosis
唾液与口腔拭子分子检测对肺结核的诊断效能
Deninson Alejandro Vargas and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1313–e1321, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag055
57
Documenting Environmentally Acquired Mycobacterium intracellulare subsp. chimaera Pulmonary Disease Soon After Bronchiectasis Onset
支气管扩张发病后短期内确诊环境源性奇美拉胞内分枝杆菌肺病病例报道
Jennifer R Honda and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1322–e1325, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag015
58
We Are Underprepared for Bedaquiline Resistance: A Call for Clinical and Programmatic Readiness
我国对贝达喹啉耐药危机应对准备不足：呼吁完善临床与公共卫生防控体系
Gail Brenda Cross and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1326–e1332, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag008
Respiratory Infections（呼吸道感染）
59
Long-term Clinical Outcomes After Hospitalization for Acute Respiratory Illness Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus
呼吸道合胞病毒急性呼吸道感染住院患者远期临床结局
David Singer and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1333–e1344, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf710
60
Microbial Detection in Community-Acquired Pleural Space Infections Using the BIOFIRE Joint Infection Panel and Individual Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays
采用BIOFIRE关节感染试剂盒与单重PCR检测社区获得性胸腔感染病原体
Portia Mira and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1345–e1352, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag050
61
Diagnostic Performance of New Commercial Interferon-Gamma Release Assays for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
新型商业化γ干扰素释放试验诊断结核分枝杆菌感染的效能：更新系统综述与荟萃分析
Lika Apriani and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1353–e1364, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag102
Viral Infections（病毒感染）
62
Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Norovirus Infections in Early Life; the PREVAIL Cohort, 2017–2020
婴幼儿诺如病毒显性与隐性感染：PREVAIL队列2017–2020年数据
Julia M Baker and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1365–e1374, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag033
63
Age-Specific Risk of Herpes Zoster in Adults Aged ≥18 Years With Comorbid Conditions—A Retrospective Cohort Study in the United States
≥18岁合并基础疾病成人带状疱疹分年龄发病风险：美国回顾性队列研究
Rachel A Cohen and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1375–e1383, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag095
64
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Encephalitis: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study
1型单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎：一项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究
Lærke Storgaard Duerlund and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1384–e1392, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag136
Photo Quiz（影像问答）
65
Multifocal Cutaneous Abscesses
多发皮肤脓肿病例
Shrruthi Velavan and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1393–e1396, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag074
Correspondence（读者来信）
66
New French Guidelines on Subcutaneous Antibiotic Therapy: A Response to Di Bella et al.
法国皮下注射抗生素新版指南发布——回应Di Bella等人研究
Emmanuel Forestier and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1397–e1398, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag088
67
Time to Appropriate Therapy and Antimicrobial Resistance-Attributable Mortality
抗菌药物及时给药时长与耐药相关死亡风险
Tatsuhiko Nanri and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Page e1398, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag087
68
Is Time to Appropriate Therapy a Mediator of Mortality Associated With Antimicrobial Resistance?
抗菌药物及时给药时长是否介导耐药相关死亡风险？
Kevin A Brown and Nick Daneman
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1398–e1399, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag090
69
Request for Additional Details on the COPAT Trial
恳请补充COPAT试验详细研究数据
Brad Spellberg and Bassam Ghanem
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Page e1399, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag100
70
Additional Details on the COPAT Trial
COPAT试验补充研究细节回复
Joy J Juskowich and Arif R Sarwari
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1399–e1401, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag103
71
Zinc: An Oft-forgotten Component in the Management of Diarrhea
锌剂：腹泻治疗中常被忽视的关键药物
Indi Trehan
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Page e1401, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag111
72
I Zinc, Therefore I Am: Context is Key
锌剂不可或缺：临床应用需结合具体场景
Andi L Shane and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1401–e1402, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag112
73
When IS900 Positivity is not the Tie-Breaker: Interpreting Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Signals Across Crohn's Disease and Intestinal Tuberculosis in a Tuberculosis-Endemic Setting
IS900阳性结果不可作为鉴别金标准：结核高发区克罗恩病与肠结核中副结核分枝杆菌判读要点
Yuanli Yang
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1402–e1403, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag127
74
MAP Detection: Identifying a Pathogenic Driver Rather Than a Diagnostic Marker
副结核分枝杆菌检测：识别致病驱动因素而非单纯诊断标志物
Sudheer Kumar Vuyyuru and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1403–e1405, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag128
75
Composite End Points, Minor Anomalies, and Missed Work-Ups: Making 12-Month Infant “Unfavorable Outcomes” Interpretable After BDLLfx/BDLCfz in Pregnancy
复合终点、轻微异常与漏诊评估：解读孕期BDLLfx/BDLCfz方案暴露婴儿12个月不良结局
Yuanli Yang
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1405–e1406, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag142
76
Responding Appropriately to Safety Signals in Infants Exposed to the 6-month BDLLfx/BDLCfz Regimen In Utero
妥善处置宫内暴露6个月BDLLfx/BDLCfz方案婴儿的安全预警信号
Marian Loveday and others
Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 82, Issue 6, 15 June 2026, Pages e1406–e1407, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciag143
2026-08-03
开篇引入
在全球医学与药学高速发展的今天，药师的临床角色不断提升。药师不仅需要懂药，更需要理解疾病诊疗的整体思路，才能在多学科团队中真正发挥价值。
然而现实中，中国药师在临床教育和实践的衔接上仍存在不足：
缺乏系统的疾病诊治思维训练，难以在临床工作中有效参与和对话。
为此，北京药师协会策划了全新专栏
——
✨ 《药学前沿 · 国际视野》 ✨
🎯
为什么要办这个专栏？
•补短板：帮助药师快速理解常见疾病的诊断与治疗路径，形成完整临床思维。
•看前沿：聚焦国际最新研究成果与循证指南，第一时间传递学术热点。
•重实践：将国际进展转化为药学服务可操作的工具与路径。
•促成长：打造药师持续学习与交流的平台，加速专业能力提升。
📚
专栏亮点
✨ 覆盖领域广
糖尿病、心血管、消化系统、感染、肿瘤、免疫、神经精神、皮肤科、女性健康……全面梳理！
✨ 内容形式多样
•前沿综述：系统总结最新循证与研究进展
•临床解读：聚焦诊疗路径与药师切入点
•案例分享：从实践出发，转化为日常经验
•互动沙龙：定期线上讨论，促进学术交流
✨ 实用导向强
聚焦“能用、好用”，帮助药师在临床中真正落地。
👥
编辑团队
•专家顾问：国内外知名学者定期指导，确保权威与国际视野
•学术统筹：北京药师协会副理事长及学术交流工作组
•领域编辑：内分泌、心血管、感染、肿瘤、免疫、精神神经、皮肤、女性健康等领域临床药师
•青年药师组：负责文献搜集、病例整理、实践转化
🤝
互动邀请
我们诚挚邀请各位药师朋友：
📌 关注专栏，第一时间掌握国际前沿动态
📌 分享经验，让更多同行从中获益
📌 提出建议，推动专栏不断优化
👉 未来，北京药师协会还将根据大家的反馈，定期组织线上学术交流活动，共同探讨药学发展的新路径。
第五十四期
《感染病学药学临床循证简报》
本期编者：
上海莱佛士医院
石艳
专家点评如下：
2026年7月更新｜感染病最新进展及临床实践启示
执行摘要
本期感染病领域有五项值得临床重点关注的重要进展：
* 美国FDA批准头孢吡肟/齐德巴坦（cefepime/zidebactam）用于复杂性尿路感染（cUTI），为多重耐药（MDR）革兰阴性菌感染提供了新的碳青霉烯替代方案。
* 口服糖皮质激素可显著增加念珠菌血症（candidemia）风险，即使短疗程治疗，在合并其他危险因素时亦需提高警惕。
* 最新研究进一步证实，抗菌药物可长期扰乱肠道微生物群，不仅促进耐药菌形成，还可能增加代谢性疾病及免疫异常风险。
* 梅毒血清学阳性被发现与卒中风险增加相关，提示慢性感染可能成为脑血管疾病新的风险标志物。
* 关于孕妇RSV疫苗与婴儿RSV单克隆抗体（Nirsevimab）的最新证据，为婴幼儿RSV预防策略提供了更加明确的临床依据。
这些研究共同反映了感染病管理正逐渐从”治疗感染”扩展至抗菌药物管理、免疫调节、心脑血管风险管理以及全生命周期疾病预防。
一、头孢吡肟/齐德巴坦（Cefepime/Zidebactam）获FDA批准治疗复杂性尿路感染
（一）最新进展
美国FDA已批准头孢吡肟/齐德巴坦（cefepime/zidebactam）用于：
* 复杂性尿路感染（cUTI）
* 急性肾盂肾炎
其主要针对多重耐药革兰阴性菌，包括：
* ESBL产生菌
* AmpC高表达菌
* 部分碳青霉烯耐药肠杆菌科细菌（CRE）
与传统β-内酰胺酶抑制剂不同，齐德巴坦（zidebactam）不仅能够增强β-内酰胺类抗菌药活性，还可高亲和力结合青霉素结合蛋白2（PBP2），形成“双重抗菌机制”，显著增强头孢吡肟活性。
（二）临床意义
其潜在定位包括：
* 碳青霉烯节约（Carbapenem-sparing）治疗
* 多重耐药尿路感染
* ESBL感染
* AmpC感染
* 部分CRE感染
未来还有望拓展至：
* 菌血症
* 医院获得性肺炎
* ICU重症感染
但目前证据主要集中于尿路感染领域。
（三）临床实践启示
医院抗菌药物管理（AMS）建议：
* 更新医院抗菌药物治疗路径；
* 结合本院耐药谱合理定位其适应证；
* 作为碳青霉烯的重要替代方案，但避免过早、过广泛使用，以延缓耐药产生。
二、口服糖皮质激素增加念珠菌血症风险
（一）最新研究发现
一项大型人群研究发现：
口服糖皮质激素治疗与侵袭性念珠菌血症发生风险显著增加相关。
风险随着以下因素进一步升高：
* 激素累计剂量增加
* 疗程延长
* 合并糖尿病
* 恶性肿瘤
* ICU住院
* 联合广谱抗菌药物
值得注意的是，即使较短疗程，在高危患者中亦可能增加侵袭性真菌感染风险。
（二）可能机制
糖皮质激素可导致：
* 中性粒细胞功能下降
* T细胞免疫抑制
* 黏膜屏障功能受损
* 念珠菌肠道易位增加
多种机制共同促进侵袭性感染发生。
（三）临床实践启示
对于以下患者：
* ICU患者
* 长期使用抗菌药物
* 中心静脉导管留置
* 糖尿病
* 肿瘤患者
* 消化道手术患者
如需使用糖皮质激素，应加强：
* 真菌感染风险评估；
* 持续发热患者及时行血培养；
* 必要时尽早考虑经验性抗真菌治疗。
三、抗菌药物对肠道微生物群影响远超既往认识
（一）最新研究发现
越来越多人体研究证实：
抗菌药物不仅清除致病菌，同时可造成：
* 肠道菌群多样性长期下降
* 有益共生菌减少
* 耐药基因持续扩增
* 微生态恢复延迟，可持续数月至一年以上
其中影响最大的药物包括：
* 氟喹诺酮类
* 克林霉素
* 第三代头孢菌素
（二）微生态失衡带来的长期影响
越来越多证据提示菌群失衡可能增加：
* 艰难梭菌感染（CDI）
* 肥胖
* 2型糖尿病
* 炎症性肠病
* 免疫功能异常
* 疫苗免疫应答下降
* 多重耐药菌定植
（三）临床实践启示
抗菌药物管理应不仅关注：
“是否覆盖病原菌”
更应关注：
“如何最大程度保护患者肠道微生态。”
建议：
* 优先选择窄谱抗菌药；
* 采用最短有效疗程；
* 避免重复、不必要抗菌药使用；
* 对反复感染患者考虑微生态修复策略，包括粪菌移植（FMT）、活体生物治疗制剂（Live Biotherapeutics）及精准益生菌等新兴治疗方式。
四、梅毒血清学阳性可能成为卒中风险标志物
（一）最新研究发现
一项大型观察性研究发现：
梅毒血清学阳性患者未来发生缺血性卒中的风险明显增加。
即使校正：
* 年龄
* 高血压
* 糖尿病
* 吸烟
* 血脂异常
等传统危险因素后，该关联仍然存在。
（二）可能机制
可能涉及：
* 慢性炎症持续激活
* 血管内皮功能障碍
* 动脉粥样硬化进展
* 长期免疫激活
目前认为：
梅毒阳性更多代表一种卒中高危风险标志物（risk marker），而非已证实的直接致病因素。
（三）临床实践启示
对于梅毒患者，应同步开展：
* 血压管理
* 血脂管理
* 糖尿病筛查
* 戒烟干预
* ASCVD综合风险评估
对于出现神经系统症状患者，应及时排查：
* 神经梅毒
* 缺血性脑卒中
未来仍需进一步研究抗梅毒治疗是否能够降低长期卒中风险。
五、孕妇RSV疫苗与婴儿RSV单克隆抗体：如何选择？
（一）背景
目前已有两种预防婴儿RSV重症感染的有效策略：
1.方案一：孕妇RSV疫苗
孕晚期接种后，母体产生抗体，并通过胎盘传递给胎儿。
优势包括：
* 新生儿出生即获得保护；
* 无需出生后立即注射；
* 更有利于群体免疫策略实施。
局限性：
* 需在推荐孕周内完成接种；
* 早产儿胎盘抗体转运不足，保护可能减弱。
2.方案二：Nirsevimab单克隆抗体
出生后直接给予婴儿长效单克隆抗体。
优势包括：
* 抗体水平稳定；
* 对所有婴儿均可提供即时保护；
* 不受孕期接种情况影响。
尤其适用于：
* 早产儿；
* 高危婴儿；
* 母亲未接种RSV疫苗者。
（二）最新证据
大量真实世界研究表明，两种策略均可显著降低：
* RSV住院率
* 重症下呼吸道感染
* ICU入住率
目前越来越多指南建议：
* 孕妇RSV疫苗应作为健康孕妇的首选群体预防策略；
* Nirsevimab则作为母体未接种、早产儿或高危婴儿的重要补充保护措施，两者并非相互替代，而是互为补充。
（三）临床实践建议（Clinical Pearls）
抗菌药物管理（Antimicrobial Stewardship）
* 头孢吡肟/齐德巴坦为治疗多重耐药革兰阴性菌感染提供了新的碳青霉烯替代选择，应严格控制适应证，避免耐药快速产生。
* 抗菌药物处方应兼顾疗效与微生态保护，遵循”最窄谱、最短疗程、精准治疗”原则。
机会性感染防控
* 使用糖皮质激素时，应充分评估侵袭性真菌感染风险，尤其是合并广谱抗菌药、糖尿病或ICU患者。
* 对持续发热且抗菌治疗无效者，应尽早考虑侵袭性念珠菌感染并完善相关检查。
感染与心脑血管疾病
* 梅毒血清学阳性患者除规范抗感染治疗外，还应开展系统性心脑血管危险因素筛查与综合干预。
婴幼儿RSV预防
* 孕妇RSV疫苗与Nirsevimab均可显著降低婴儿RSV重症风险，应根据孕周、母体接种情况、早产状态及婴儿高危因素制定个体化预防方案。
本期要点（Take-home Messages）
1. 头孢吡肟/齐德巴坦的获批，为复杂性尿路感染及多重耐药革兰阴性菌感染提供了新的精准治疗选择，并有望减少碳青霉烯类药物的使用。
2. 口服糖皮质激素并非“低风险”治疗，在合并广谱抗菌药或免疫功能受损患者中，可显著增加念珠菌血症风险，应加强风险评估和早期识别。
3. 抗菌药物的影响远超感染治疗本身，长期微生态失衡可能促进耐药形成，并增加代谢、免疫及炎症相关疾病风险，临床应坚持抗菌药物合理使用原则。
4. 梅毒血清学阳性可能是卒中的新型风险标志物，提示感染性疾病管理应与心脑血管危险因素综合管理相结合。
5. 孕妇RSV疫苗和Nirsevimab均可有效预防婴儿RSV重症感染，应依据孕期接种时机、婴儿出生情况及个体风险因素选择最合适的预防策略。
一、头孢吡肟/齐德巴坦（Cefepime/Zidebactam）获FDA批准治疗复杂性尿路感染
（一）头孢吡肟–zidebactam在复杂性耐药尿路感染中的定位
头孢吡肟–zidebactam不应被视为所有复杂性尿路感染中哌拉西林/他唑巴坦或碳青霉烯类的常规替代药物。其主要临床定位是：作为一种需抗菌药物管理限制、并以药敏结果为导向的静脉治疗选择，用于成人复杂性尿路感染或肾盂肾炎，尤其是由多重耐药革兰阴性菌引起的感染。
其价值主要体现在以下情况：常规头孢吡肟或哌拉西林/他唑巴坦疗效不可靠；希望减少碳青霉烯暴露；或怀疑、确认存在碳青霉烯耐药病原菌。
在美国，头孢吡肟–zidebactam已获批用于成人复杂性尿路感染，包括肾盂肾炎，适应病原菌包括药敏显示敏感的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、奇异变形杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌复合群和铜绿假单胞菌。肾功能正常或接近正常成人的常用剂量为：头孢吡肟2g+zidebactam 1g，静脉给药，每8小时一次，每次输注1小时，疗程7–10天。肾功能下降时必须调整剂量。
（二）药理学特点
Zidebactam不只是传统意义上的β-内酰胺酶抑制剂。头孢吡肟主要作用于青霉素结合蛋白3，PBP3，而zidebactam本身对青霉素结合蛋白2，PBP2具有直接作用。二者联合形成多PBP靶点杀菌效应，从而增强抗菌活性。
这一机制有助于解释为什么头孢吡肟–zidebactam可能在多种复杂耐药机制下仍保留活性，例如ESBL产生、AmpC β-内酰胺酶、KPC、OXA-48样酶、部分金属β-内酰胺酶如NDM、VIM、IMP，以及孔蛋白缺失和外排泵增强等。不过，不同菌种和不同耐药表型下的临床确定性并不完全相同，因此仍必须依赖药敏结果指导使用。
（三）复杂性尿路感染中的证据
在关键性复杂性尿路感染和肾盂肾炎研究中，头孢吡肟–zidebactam与美罗培南进行了比较。结果显示，头孢吡肟–zidebactam的临床和微生物学复合应答率较高。两组临床治愈率总体相近，而头孢吡肟–zidebactam 组的微生物清除率数值上更高。
但需要强调的是，该研究的主要分析排除了基线病原菌对美罗培南耐药的患者。因此，目前最强的临床试验证据主要支持其用于敏感的复杂性尿路感染病原菌，包括ESBL筛查阳性菌株，而不是为重症 CRE、金属β-内酰胺酶产酶菌或难治耐药铜绿假单胞菌感染提供最高级别的确定性证据。
对于CRE、金属β-内酰胺酶产生肠杆菌目细菌和难治耐药铜绿假单胞菌，其作用具有明确的生物学合理性，也有微生物学数据支持，但临床实践中仍应结合感染科会诊、当地药敏检测能力以及患者个体化风险进行判断。
（四）与哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的比较
哌拉西林/他唑巴坦仍然是住院复杂性尿路感染的常用经验治疗选择，尤其适用于MDR风险不高的患者。它覆盖范围较广，包括许多革兰阴性菌、部分铜绿假单胞菌、厌氧菌以及部分革兰阳性菌。因此，当尿路来源尚不完全明确，或可能存在多菌种腹腔、盆腔感染成分时，哌拉西林/他唑巴坦具有实用价值。
但是，对于严重ESBL感染，哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的可靠性低于碳青霉烯类。特别是在非尿路感染、菌血症或深部感染中，一般不首选哌拉西林/他唑巴坦。复杂性尿路感染中因尿药浓度较高，其表现可能优于非尿路感染场景，但在ESBL负荷较高或患者病情较重时，仍存在微生物学失败风险。
对于AmpC风险较高的病原菌，如阴沟肠杆菌复合群、产气克雷伯菌和弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌，哌拉西林/他唑巴坦也不是严重感染的理想选择，因为他唑巴坦不能稳定、可靠地保护哌拉西林免受AmpC 水解。
与哌拉西林/他唑巴坦相比，头孢吡肟–zidebactam在怀疑或确认存在ESBL、AmpC、碳青霉烯酶或难治耐药铜绿假单胞菌机制时更具吸引力。但如果临床上需要厌氧菌或肠球菌覆盖，头孢吡肟–zidebactam 的价值则相对有限。
（五）与碳青霉烯类的比较
碳青霉烯类仍然是严重ESBL复杂性尿路感染的标准静脉治疗骨干，尤其适用于脓毒症患者、既往有ESBL分离史者、近期有医疗暴露者，或当地ESBL流行率较高的环境。若不需要铜绿假单胞菌覆盖，厄他培南常为合适选择；若病情较重或需要更广的革兰阴性菌及铜绿假单胞菌覆盖，则更常选择美罗培南或亚胺培南/西司他丁。
与碳青霉烯类相比，头孢吡肟–zidebactam的主要优势在于：在药敏支持的ESBL或AmpC复杂性尿路感染中，可能作为一种碳青霉烯节约方案。这对于反复发生MDR尿路感染、既往多次接受碳青霉烯治疗，或医院层面需要保护碳青霉烯使用的患者和机构尤其有意义。
对于碳青霉烯耐药肠杆菌目细菌，常规美罗培南通常已不可靠，除非该菌株仍显示对美罗培南敏感，且耐药机制属于特殊非碳青霉烯酶机制。目前CRE的成熟治疗选择包括头孢他啶/阿维巴坦、美罗培南/韦博巴坦、亚胺培南/瑞来巴坦、头孢地尔，以及针对金属β-内酰胺酶产生菌的头孢他啶/阿维巴坦联合氨曲南等方案。
头孢吡肟–zidebactam在CRE和金属β-内酰胺酶产生菌领域可能具有重要的未来或新兴定位，特别是在药敏证实敏感时。但由于其临床结局数据仍少于部分已较成熟的CRE治疗方案，因此不宜在缺乏微生物学和感染科支持的情况下，随意作为CRE的一线治疗。
（六）可能适合使用头孢吡肟–zidebactam 的临床场景
头孢吡肟–zidebactam最适用于成人住院复杂性尿路感染或肾盂肾炎，且病原学已确认或高度怀疑为MDR革兰阴性菌感染的情况。
第一类场景是ESBL产生肠杆菌目细菌导致的复杂性尿路感染。当认为哌拉西林/他唑巴坦疗效不可靠，同时又希望减少碳青霉烯暴露时，头孢吡肟–zidebactam可能具有价值。对于反复UTI、既往多次接受碳青霉烯治疗的患者，这一点尤其重要。
第二类场景是AmpC风险病原菌，尤其是阴沟肠杆菌复合群。如果单用头孢吡肟的药敏结果处于边界，或担心同时存在ESBL共产生，头孢吡肟–zidebactam可能比单用头孢吡肟提供更宽的保护，但仍需药敏确认。
第三类场景是既往或当前怀疑CRE、金属β-内酰胺酶产生肠杆菌目细菌，或难治耐药铜绿假单胞菌尿路感染。此时，如当地实验室可确认头孢吡肟–zidebactam敏感，并且其他优选药物不可及、不合适、毒性较大或活性不足，可考虑使用该药。
第四类场景是由敏感的铜绿假单胞菌引起的复杂性尿路感染，且该菌对常用抗假单胞菌β-内酰胺类耐药。这可能是其较有吸引力的实际应用领域之一，但需要注意，关键临床试验中铜绿假单胞菌病例数量相对有限。
（七）不宜常规使用的情况
头孢吡肟–zidebactam一般不应用于单纯性膀胱炎、低风险社区获得性复杂性尿路感染、无MDR风险因素的培养阴性尿路感染，或已有更窄谱药物敏感的感染。
它也不应作为所有发热性尿路感染的默认升级治疗。若过度使用，将很快削弱其作为MDR革兰阴性菌保留药物的抗菌药物管理价值。
当临床上需要覆盖厌氧菌、肠球菌，或存在多菌种腹腔感染可能时，头孢吡肟–zidebactam不适合作为单药治疗。在这些情况下，应根据感染严重程度和耐药风险，考虑哌拉西林/他唑巴坦或碳青霉烯类等方案。
（八）安全性和监测
主要安全性问题是类似头孢吡肟的神经毒性，尤其见于老年人、肾功能不全患者，或因未及时调整剂量而导致药物暴露过高的患者。表现可包括脑病、意识混乱、失语、肌阵挛、癫痫发作或非惊厥性癫痫持续状态。
治疗前和治疗期间应评估肾功能，肾功能下降时必须调整剂量。还应监测过敏反应、胃肠道不良反应、艰难梭菌感染、电解质异常如低钾血症、易感患者的凝血功能变化，以及整体临床疗效。
（九）抗菌药物管理总结
哌拉西林/他唑巴坦仍是复杂性尿路感染的实用经验治疗药物，适用于MDR风险较低至中等、且需要较广多菌种覆盖的患者。
碳青霉烯类仍是严重ESBL复杂性尿路感染的标准治疗选择，尤其适用于脓毒症或高风险患者。
头孢吡肟–zidebactam则属于更专门化的治疗选择：最适合用于 MDR 革兰阴性菌导致的复杂性尿路感染，尤其是在常规头孢吡肟或哌拉西林/他唑巴坦疗效不可靠、希望节约碳青霉烯，或怀疑、确认存在碳青霉烯耐药或难治耐药铜绿假单胞菌感染时。
简而言之，头孢吡肟–zidebactam应定位为一种高价值MDR革兰阴性菌复杂性尿路感染治疗药物，而不是普通广谱抗生素。
二、口服糖皮质激素增加念珠菌血症风险
（一）核心结论
一项发表于2026 年Clinical Microbiology and Infection 的丹麦全国性病例-对照研究显示，近期口服糖皮质激素使用与念珠菌血症风险升高显著相关，并呈明确的剂量–反应关系。该发现具有重要临床意义，因为念珠菌血症虽然发生率不高，但病死率较高，而系统性糖皮质激素在呼吸、风湿免疫、胃肠、肿瘤及其他炎症性疾病中使用非常广泛。
（二）研究主要发现
这是一项丹麦全国登记数据库研究，纳入2010–2024年所有首次发生实验室确诊念珠菌血症的成人患者，并按1:10匹配普通人群对照。研究将“近期口服糖皮质激素暴露”定义为索引日期前90天内有口服糖皮质激素处方兑换记录，并根据90天内泼尼松龙等效累计剂量进行分层。
研究共纳入6179例念珠菌血症病例和61,790名匹配对照。总体来看，近期口服糖皮质激素使用与念珠菌血症发生风险约2.2倍升高相关，调整后优势比为2.17，95%置信区间为1.92–2.45。
研究显示出明确的剂量–反应关系。过去90天内泼尼松龙等效累计剂量低于750mg 时，念珠菌血症风险已有升高，调整后优势比为 1.59，95%置信区间为1.35–1.86。累计剂量为750–1500mg 时，风险进一步升高，调整后优势比为2.25，95%置信区间为1.75–2.90。当累计剂量超过1500mg时，风险显著升高，调整后优势比达到5.23，95%置信区间为4.01–6.83。
从临床剂量换算看，750mg/90天约相当于平均每日泼尼松龙 8.3mg，1500 mg/90天约相当于平均每日16.7mg。不过实际临床中，患者可能表现为短期较大剂量冲击、反复短疗程使用，或持续小剂量使用，而不一定是连续每日固定剂量。
不同念珠菌种类分析显示，糖皮质激素相关风险升高见于多种主要念珠菌，包括白色念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌、克柔念珠菌和近平滑念珠菌。但对都柏林念珠菌的关联未达到统计学显著性。这提示该风险信号并非局限于某一种念珠菌，也不局限于某一种耐药表型。
在基础疾病亚组中，炎症性肠病患者的糖皮质激素相关念珠菌血症风险最高，调整后优势比为4.62。风湿免疫疾病患者的调整后优势比为3.15，慢性肺部疾病患者的调整后优势比为2.07。这提示IBD、风湿免疫病和慢性肺病患者如果近期使用口服糖皮质激素，侵袭性念珠菌感染风险评估应更加谨慎。
（三）生物学合理性
这一关联具有较强生物学合理性。念珠菌常来源于人体自身黏膜或皮肤定植菌群。当黏膜屏障受损、菌群失衡、免疫功能受抑，或存在中心静脉导管等侵入性装置时，念珠菌可进入血流导致念珠菌血症。
糖皮质激素可通过多种机制削弱抗真菌免疫防御，包括抑制巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞功能，减弱炎症因子和趋化因子信号，损害黏膜上皮屏障免疫，抑制T细胞介导的免疫反应，并影响 IL-17 相关抗念珠菌免疫通路。
其中 IL-17 通路在限制念珠菌过度增殖、诱导抗菌肽产生和募集中性粒细胞方面尤其重要。因此，糖皮质激素导致侵袭性念珠菌感染风险升高具有免疫学基础。
（四）研究局限性
这是一项观察性病例-对照研究，因此只能证明相关性，不能完全证明因果关系。
需要注意的潜在混杂因素包括：接受糖皮质激素治疗的患者往往基础疾病更重，可能更频繁住院或进入ICU，可能更常接受广谱抗菌药物，可能同时使用生物制剂或其他免疫抑制剂，也可能更常存在中心静脉导管、全胃肠外营养、腹部手术、肠道屏障损伤、营养不良或肾功能不全等风险因素。
此外，处方兑换记录不一定等同于患者实际服药情况。研究报告的是优势比，而不是直接的绝对风险。因此，该研究结果应主要用于强化风险识别和药物管理，而不是导致对所有糖皮质激素使用者进行常规抗真菌预防。
（五）临床意义
首先，应将近期口服糖皮质激素纳入念珠菌血症风险评估。对于住院或近期住院患者，如果出现发热、脓毒症、休克或炎症指标持续升高，并伴有广谱抗菌药物暴露、中心静脉导管、全胃肠外营养、腹部手术、吻合口漏、腹腔感染、ICU住院、肾衰竭、血液透析、恶性肿瘤或中性粒细胞减少等因素，应提高对侵袭性念珠菌感染的警惕。近期口服糖皮质激素，尤其是90天累计泼尼松龙等效剂量较高者，应被视为重要的风险增强因素。
其次，应强化糖皮质激素管理。该研究的剂量–反应关系支持临床上更严格执行糖皮质激素管理原则，即使用最低有效剂量和最短必要疗程，避免反复“经验性”或“预防性”激素疗程，病情允许时及时减量或停用。对于IBD、风湿免疫病和慢性肺病患者，应优先考虑循证的激素替代或激素减量策略。对于合并感染风险较高的患者，应定期复核是否仍有继续使用糖皮质激素的明确指征。
第三，不应仅因患者使用口服糖皮质激素而常规给予抗真菌预防。目前抗真菌预防通常适用于特定高危人群，例如部分实体器官移植患者、特定高风险ICU患者、化疗导致的高风险中性粒细胞减少患者，以及造血干细胞移植相关中性粒细胞减少患者。单纯口服糖皮质激素暴露本身，不足以作为常规使用氟康唑或棘白菌素预防的指征。更合理的做法是综合评估患者的整体风险，而不是对所有激素使用者进行“一刀切”式预防用药。
第四，对于高危患者应降低诊断阈值。如果患者存在相容的临床表现，应及时进行诊断评估，包括尽量在抗真菌治疗前采集血培养，明确念珠菌种属，并进行抗真菌药物敏感性检测。必要时可结合 β-D-葡聚糖等辅助检查。需要注意的是，血培养仍是念珠菌血症的核心诊断依据；β-D-葡聚糖可作为辅助指标，但并非念珠菌特异性，且可能受多种因素影响。
第五，对于合适的重症患者，应考虑早期经验性抗真菌治疗。对于重症患者，如果存在侵袭性念珠菌感染风险因素，持续发热或脓毒症且无其他明确感染来源，应考虑经验性抗真菌治疗。若患者已出现脓毒性休克，并且侵袭性念珠菌感染风险较高，应更早启动治疗。在非中性粒细胞减少ICU患者中，经验性治疗通常优先选择棘白菌素类药物，例如卡泊芬净、米卡芬净或阿尼芬净。氟康唑可用于部分临床稳定、既往无唑类暴露、耐药风险较低的患者，但不应作为所有重症患者的默认首选。
第六，一旦确诊念珠菌血症，应按严重血流感染处理。多数成人念珠菌血症患者初始治疗应首选棘白菌素类。治疗过程中应每日或隔日复查血培养，直至血培养转阴。应评估并尽早移除可疑中心静脉导管，前提是临床上可行。还应根据指南进行眼科评估，以判断是否存在眼内播散。后续可根据菌种鉴定和药敏结果决定是否降阶梯至氟康唑。治疗疗程通常为血培养转阴且症状缓解后至少2周，前提是没有深部感染灶或其他复杂感染。
（六）药师和临床团队的实践要点
在药学审方、用药会诊或感染风险评估中，应重点关注过去90 天泼尼松龙等效累计剂量达到或超过750mg 的患者，尤其是累计剂量超过1500 mg/90天的患者。如果这类患者同时合并发热、脓毒症、广谱抗菌药物使用、中心静脉导管、全胃肠外营养、腹部手术、ICU住院或其他侵袭性念珠菌感染风险因素，应主动提示临床团队提高警惕。
药师可推动的关键干预包括：复核糖皮质激素适应证、剂量和疗程；建议在病情允许时减量或停用糖皮质激素；促进广谱抗菌药物降阶梯和疗程优化；关注中心静脉导管、全胃肠外营养和腹部感染源控制；对疑似病例提醒及时采集血培养、进行菌种鉴定和药敏检测；对高危脓毒症患者，建议尽早进行感染科或临床药师会诊，评估是否需要经验性棘白菌素治疗。
（七）临床一句话总结
近期口服糖皮质激素，尤其是90天内累计泼尼松龙等效剂量达到或超过750mg，特别是超过1500mg，应被视为念珠菌血症的重要风险增强因素；但它不是单独启动抗真菌预防的充分理由，而应促使临床团队加强风险分层、糖皮质激素管理、感染源控制和早期诊断。
三、抗菌药物对肠道微生物群影响远超既往认识
（一）研究概况
Medscape报道的研究对应Baldanzi等发表于Nature Medicine 2026的研究：“Antibiotic use and gut microbiome composition links from individual-level prescription data of 14,979 individuals”。
该研究将瑞典14,979名个体的门诊抗生素处方记录与粪便 shotgun metagenomic 宏基因组测序结果进行关联分析，研究队列来自 SCAPIS、SIMPLER 和 Malmö Offspring Study。研究重点是评估既往抗生素暴露是否与多年后的肠道微生物组成变化相关。
（二）主要发现
1. 抗生素暴露可留下长期可检测的肠道微生物“足迹”
近期抗生素使用对肠道菌群影响最明显，尤其是采样前1年内使用抗生素者，肠道微生物物种多样性下降最明显。
但更重要的是，研究发现抗生素使用与肠道菌群改变的关联可持续多年：
采样前1–4年，甚至4–8年使用过抗生素者，仍可检测到显著的肠道微生物组成差异。
研究在统计分析中校正了多种潜在混杂因素，包括年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟、合并疾病、多重用药，以及 PPI、二甲双胍、SSRI、他汀类、β受体阻滞剂和抗精神病药物等可能影响菌群的药物使用。
2. 不同类别抗生素对肠道菌群的长期影响差异明显
研究显示，部分抗生素类别与更广泛、更持久的菌群改变相关，尤其是：
克林霉素 clindamycin
氟喹诺酮类 fluoroquinolones
氟氯西林 flucloxacillin
这些药物即使在采样前4–8年使用过，仍与相当比例的肠道细菌物种丰度变化相关。研究估计，这些药物可影响所分析细菌物种中的约10%–15%。
相较之下，青霉素 V、广谱青霉素类和呋喃妥因nitrofurantoin 在该瑞典队列中仅与少数细菌物种变化相关，提示其长期菌群影响可能较小。
但这并不等于这些药物“无影响”，而是说明在该研究人群和处方背景下，其可检测到的长期菌群足迹较小。
3. 单次抗生素疗程也可能留下长期信号
研究进一步分析了过去8年中仅接受过 一次抗生素疗程与完全未使用抗生素者的差异。
结果显示，即使是单次疗程，某些抗生素类别仍与肠道菌群多样性降低相关，包括：
四环素类
氟氯西林
氟喹诺酮类
克林霉素
复方新诺明 TMP-SMX
头孢菌素类
大环内酯类
这一发现具有重要临床意义：抗生素对肠道生态的影响并不一定需要反复或长期使用后才出现，单次治疗也可能产生可检测的远期效应。
4. 肠道菌群恢复并非线性过程
研究提示，抗生素暴露后，肠道菌群多样性在最初2年内恢复较快，但随后恢复速度明显减慢。
换言之，抗生素造成的菌群扰动可能在早期部分恢复，但某些改变可能长期残留。
这种模式在克林霉素、氟喹诺酮类和四环素类暴露后尤其明显。
5. 某些菌群变化与代谢和炎症表型存在重叠
研究发现，一些与既往抗生素暴露呈正相关的细菌，也与较差的代谢或炎症指标相关，例如：
Ruminococcus gnavus
Enterocloster 属细菌
Eggerthella lenta
以及其他部分肠道菌群
这些菌与较高BMI、腰臀比、甘油三酯或CRP水平存在关联。
但这一点需要谨慎解释：
该研究不能证明“抗生素导致肥胖、糖尿病、心血管疾病、炎症性肠病或结直肠癌”。它只能说明，抗生素相关菌群改变与某些代谢和炎症表型之间存在统计学关联。
6. 研究设计较强，但不能证明因果关系
该研究的优势包括：
样本量大；
使用个体级别的处方登记数据；
采用 shotgun metagenomic 深度宏基因组测序；
来自多个大型人群队列；
校正了多种药物和临床混杂因素。
但也存在局限：
研究为观察性设计，不能证明因果关系；
缺乏每次抗生素治疗的具体适应证；
缺乏抗生素使用前的基线肠道菌群样本；
未完整纳入住院期间或海外使用抗生素的情况；
研究结果可能受瑞典处方习惯影响；
未充分分析剂量和疗程长短；
菌群分析主要基于相对丰度，而非绝对菌量。
（三）临床意义
1. 抗菌药物管理的理由更加充分
传统抗菌药物管理antimicrobial stewardship的核心目标包括：
减少耐药；
降低药物不良反应；
预防艰难梭菌感染；
降低不必要医疗成本；
优化药物选择、剂量、疗程和给药途径。
这项研究进一步提示：抗生素还可能造成多年可检测的肠道生态改变。因此，抗生素不应被视为“短期用药、长期无害”的普通药物。
临床上应更严格避免以下不必要使用：
病毒性上呼吸道感染使用抗生素；
急性支气管炎无明确细菌感染证据时使用抗生素；
无症状菌尿，除妊娠或特定泌尿外科操作前；
非感染性炎症性疾病误用抗生素；
“预防性”“保险性”延长疗程。
2. 当疗效相当时，抗生素选择应考虑“菌群附带损伤”
在多个指南推荐方案疗效相近时，应优先选择窄谱、疗程短、对肠道菌群扰动较小的方案。
尤其应谨慎使用：
克林霉素；
氟喹诺酮类；
广谱头孢菌素；
不必要的广谱联合方案。
克林霉素和氟喹诺酮类本身已知与艰难梭菌感染风险升高相关，而本研究进一步显示它们与长期菌群改变的关联也较强。因此，除非存在明确适应证、过敏限制、培养药敏依据或特殊组织穿透需求，否则不宜轻易作为首选。
3. 不应简单把某些抗生素理解为“微生物组安全药物”
研究中青霉素 V、广谱青霉素和呋喃妥因的长期菌群影响相对较少，但这并不意味着它们完全没有菌群影响。
正确理解应为：
在该瑞典队列中，这些药物与长期可检测菌群改变的关联较弱；
但不同人群、剂量、疗程、合并用药和基础疾病状态下，影响可能不同；
临床仍应坚持合理适应证和最短有效疗程。
4. 疗程应尽量缩短至有证据支持的有效长度
研究显示，抗生素疗程数量越多，菌群多样性下降越明显，尤其是最初几个疗程的影响较突出。
因此，临床应进一步强化：
感染诊断不明确时及时停药；
培养结果出来后及时降阶梯de-escalation；
符合条件时从静脉转换为口服；
避免无依据延长疗程；
每日评估抗生素继续使用必要性；
处方时明确复评时间和预计停药日期。
这对住院患者、老年患者、多病共存患者和反复感染患者尤其重要。
5. 不应过度承诺益生菌可以“修复”抗生素后的菌群损伤
该研究没有证明益生菌能够预防或逆转抗生素造成的长期菌群改变。
目前关于抗生素期间常规使用益生菌预防艰难梭菌感染的指南意见并不完全一致。部分指南并不推荐常规使用益生菌作为CDI一级预防或复发预防。
因此，临床沟通中应避免说：
“吃益生菌就可以恢复菌群”；
“抗生素后必须补益生菌”；
“益生菌可以抵消抗生素损伤”。
更合理的表述是：
益生菌可在部分人群、部分产品和部分情境下考虑，但证据异质性大，产品质量差异明显。免疫功能低下、重症、中心静脉导管、早产儿等高风险人群使用益生菌还需谨慎。
6. 高风险患者应更加严格控制抗生素使用门槛
以下人群尤其需要谨慎：
既往艰难梭菌感染患者；
炎症性肠病患者；
老年或衰弱患者；
免疫功能低下患者；
肿瘤化疗患者；
器官移植或长期免疫抑制患者；
频繁接受抗生素治疗者；
儿童，尤其是肠道菌群仍在发育阶段者；
多重用药和多病共存患者。
对这些患者，应尽量做到：
明确细菌感染证据；
必要时采集培养和药敏；
选择最窄有效谱抗生素；
避免重复、重叠或经验性过度覆盖；
尽早降阶梯；
明确疗程终点；
密切监测腹泻、艰难梭菌感染和药物不良反应。
（四）对临床药师和抗菌药物管理团队的启示
这项研究对临床药师工作具有较强实践意义。药师在审核抗生素医嘱时，除关注剂量、肾功能调整、过敏史、相互作用和耐药风险外，还应将“肠道微生态附带损伤”纳入综合判断。
建议在临床审核和会诊中重点关注：
是否有明确感染诊断；
是否需要抗生素，还是可能为病毒感染或非感染性炎症；
经验治疗是否过广；
是否可根据培养结果降阶梯；
是否存在克林霉素、氟喹诺酮等高附带损伤药物的不必要使用；
疗程是否超过指南推荐；
是否已设置48–72小时抗生素复评节点；
患者是否属于CDI或菌群脆弱高风险人群。
（五）临床沟通建议
可以向医生或患者这样解释：
抗生素在明确细菌感染时非常必要，不能因为担心菌群影响而延误治疗。但越来越多证据表明，抗生素对肠道微生态的影响可能持续多年，尤其是克林霉素和氟喹诺酮类等药物。因此，临床上应尽量做到有指征才用、选择窄谱药物、疗程尽量短、根据培养结果及时调整，而不是经验性长期或反复使用广谱抗生素。
（六）核心结论
这项大型人群研究提示，抗生素使用与多年后仍可检测到的肠道微生物组成改变相关，且不同抗生素类别的长期影响差异明显。克林霉素、氟喹诺酮类和氟氯西林的长期菌群关联最突出，而部分青霉素类和呋喃妥因的影响相对较小。
但该研究不能证明抗生素直接导致代谢病、炎症性疾病或肿瘤。它最重要的临床价值在于强化抗菌药物管理：抗生素不能随意使用；应明确适应证、优先窄谱、控制疗程、及时降阶梯，并尽量避免高附带损伤药物的不必要使用。
四、梅毒血清学阳性可能成为卒中风险标志物
（一）核心结论
Medscape报道所依据的是一项发表在Clinical Microbiology and Infection的丹麦全国性匹配队列研究。最重要的解读重点是：梅毒血清学阳性者与普通人群相比，卒中风险更高；但当其与“接受过梅毒检测但结果阴性”的人群相比时，这种关联明显减弱，并且不再具有统计学显著性。
因此，本研究最稳妥的结论并不是“做梅毒检测会增加卒中风险”，也不能简单理解为“梅毒感染本身一定独立导致卒中”。更合理的解释是：接受梅毒检测的人群本身可能代表一类基础卒中风险更高的人群，其背后可能包括血管危险因素、行为因素、社会经济因素、感染相关因素、医疗可及性差异或家族/环境共同因素等。
（二）主要研究发现
该研究使用了丹麦全国注册数据库和实验室检测数据，时间跨度为2000–2022年，纳入16–80岁成年人。研究主要比较了三组人群：
1. 梅毒检测阳性者：3593人
2. 梅毒检测阴性者：3590人
3. 普通人群匹配对照：32,629人
总随访量超过30万人年。研究对象的中位年龄为36岁，其中 81% 为男性。
研究显示，梅毒阳性者的10年卒中累积风险为1.8%。与普通人群相比，梅毒阳性者卒中风险显著升高：
HR 5.4，95% CI 3.7–7.7
但当梅毒阳性者与“接受过梅毒检测但结果阴性”的人群相比时，卒中风险差异明显缩小，且未达到统计学显著性：
HR 1.5，95% CI 0.9–2.4
这提示：“是否接受梅毒检测”本身可能已经标记了一组卒中风险较高的人群，而不是梅毒阳性结果本身完全解释卒中风险升高。
（三）兄弟姐妹分析的意义
研究还进行了兄弟姐妹分析。结果显示，梅毒阳性者的兄弟姐妹与普通人群兄弟姐妹相比，卒中风险也较高：
HR 2.2，95% CI 1.4–3.6
但与梅毒检测阴性者的兄弟姐妹相比，这种风险差异并不明显。
这进一步支持了一个重要判断：
梅毒与卒中之间的观察性关联，很可能受到共同家庭、遗传、环境、社会经济、行为模式或医疗接触因素的影响。
换句话说，梅毒检测阳性人群的卒中风险升高，可能并不完全来自梅毒感染本身，而是部分来自其所在人群的共同背景风险。
（四）研究者的总体结论
研究作者认为：接受过梅毒检测的人，无论检测结果是阳性还是阴性，其卒中风险均高于普通人群。
这说明梅毒检测可能是一个临床“风险信号”，提示患者可能存在更高的整体健康风险或心脑血管风险，而不应被简单解读为梅毒感染单独导致卒中。
（五）如何理解这一发现？
临床上，这项研究最有价值的启示是：
梅毒检测可能是卒中风险的“标志物”，而未必是直接因果因素。
接受梅毒检测的人群可能更常合并以下风险因素：
* 吸烟
* 酒精或物质使用
* HIV 或其他性传播感染
* 精神心理共病
* 社会经济弱势
* 医疗预防服务不足
* 未控制的高血压
* 血脂异常
* 糖尿病或肥胖
* 其他未测量的心血管危险因素
这项丹麦研究的优势在于，它不仅比较了梅毒阳性者与普通人群，还纳入了梅毒检测阴性者和兄弟姐妹对照。这种设计比单纯比较“梅毒阳性者 vs 普通人群”更能揭示潜在混杂因素。
（六）与其他研究的关系
需要注意的是，另一项2026年发表在 JAMA Network Open 的新奥尔良队列研究发现，梅毒与多种心血管结局风险升高相关，包括：
* 缺血性卒中
* 出血性卒中
* 心肌梗死
* 外周动脉疾病
* 主动脉瘤或主动脉夹层
该研究还提示，晚期梅毒患者的风险可能更高。
因此，从整体证据看，梅毒与心血管/脑血管疾病之间可能存在一定生物学合理性，例如慢性炎症、血管内皮损伤、神经梅毒相关血管炎等。但丹麦研究提醒我们：不能忽视检测人群本身的基础风险和混杂因素。
（七）临床意义
1. 不应把“做过梅毒检测”本身作为卒中筛查或治疗依据
对于仅仅因为接受过梅毒检测的患者，不应因此直接安排：
* 头颅影像筛查
* 抗血小板治疗
* 抗凝治疗
* 过度卒中病因筛查
* 不必要的神经系统检查
梅毒检测本身不是卒中治疗适应证。
2. 应将其视为心血管风险评估的提醒信号
对于接受梅毒检测，尤其是检测阳性的人群，建议进行结构化心脑血管风险评估，包括：
* 血压测量与高血压筛查
* 吸烟、饮酒及物质使用评估
* 糖尿病筛查：空腹血糖、HbA1c
* 血脂谱
* BMI、腰围及代谢风险评估
* 年龄适合时进行 ASCVD 或卒中风险评估
* HIV 及其他性传播感染筛查
* 既往卒中/TIA、冠心病、外周动脉疾病病史评估
这类患者可能是预防医学中容易被忽视的一组高风险人群。
3. 梅毒阳性患者仍应按指南规范诊断和治疗
对于梅毒血清学阳性者，应先明确诊断和分期。CDC 指南强调，梅毒的推定诊断通常需要同时结合：
（1）非梅毒螺旋体试验
如 RPR、VDRL
（2）梅毒螺旋体试验
如 TPPA、EIA、CIA 等
单独使用一种检测方法可能导致假阳性或假阴性解释，因此不应仅凭单一检测结果作出完整诊断。
4. 有神经系统表现时需考虑神经梅毒
对于梅毒血清学反应阳性，同时出现以下表现者，应考虑神经梅毒、眼梅毒或耳梅毒评估：
* 卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作样表现
* 脑膜炎表现
* 意识改变
* 认知或精神状态改变
* 脑神经功能障碍
* 深感觉或振动觉减退
* 视力下降、葡萄膜炎、视神经炎等眼部症状
* 听力下降、耳鸣、前庭症状
CDC 指南指出，当存在神经梅毒的临床体征时，应进行脑脊液检查。卒中可以是神经梅毒相关血管炎的表现之一，但这通常发生在特定临床背景下，而不是所有梅毒患者都需要常规腰穿或神经影像筛查。
5. 治疗仍以青霉素为核心
梅毒治疗仍应按照疾病分期和临床表现选择方案。总体原则是：
* 青霉素G仍是所有阶段梅毒的首选治疗药物
* 治疗剂型、剂量和疗程取决于梅毒分期
* 早期梅毒、晚期潜伏梅毒、三期梅毒、神经梅毒、眼梅毒和耳梅毒治疗方案不同
* 晚期潜伏梅毒和三期梅毒通常需要更长疗程
* 神经梅毒/眼梅毒/耳梅毒需要特殊治疗方案，不能简单按普通潜伏梅毒处理
（八）对临床实践的实用建议
可以将本研究转化为以下临床路径：
患者接受梅毒检测
→ 明确检测结果
→ 如阳性，确认检测类型、滴度、既往治疗史和疾病分期
→ 按指南治疗梅毒
→ 同步评估 HIV 和其他 STI 风险
→ 进行心脑血管危险因素筛查
→ 仅在有神经、眼部或耳部症状时评估神经梅毒/眼梅毒/耳梅毒
→ 根据总体风险进行生活方式干预和一级/二级预防
（九）对医生的临床提示
这项研究不支持对所有接受梅毒检测者进行常规卒中筛查。更合适的做法是：
把梅毒检测或梅毒阳性结果看作一个“机会窗口”，用于识别潜在心脑血管高风险患者，并补充预防性管理。
尤其应关注以下患者：
* 年龄较大
* 吸烟
* 高血压
* 糖尿病
* 血脂异常
* 肥胖
* HIV 感染
* 物质使用
* 既往心脑血管病史
* 梅毒治疗不规范或病程较长
* 出现神经、眼部或听觉症状
（十）一句话总结
梅毒检测阳性者相较普通人群卒中风险更高，但与梅毒检测阴性者相比差异不显著；因此，梅毒检测更可能是识别高风险人群的临床信号，而非单独的卒中因果因素。临床上应规范诊治梅毒，同时借此机会系统评估和干预心脑血管危险因素。
五、孕妇RSV疫苗与婴儿RSV单克隆抗体：如何选择？
母亲孕期接种 RSV 疫苗 vs 婴儿 RSV 抗体注射：如何保护婴儿
对于大多数婴儿，预防 RSV 感染相关严重疾病主要有两种策略：一种是母亲在孕期接种 RSV 疫苗，另一种是婴儿出生后直接注射长效 RSV 单克隆抗体。通常情况下，同一个婴儿不需要同时接受两种保护措施，除非存在特殊高风险情况。当前 CDC/ACIP 指南并不优先推荐其中某一种策略，具体选择应根据孕周、预计分娩时间、当地 RSV 流行季节、产品可及性、母婴风险因素以及家庭偏好综合决定。
母亲孕期接种 RSV 疫苗属于主动免疫策略。孕妇接种疫苗后，自身产生抗 RSV 抗体，并通过胎盘将 IgG 抗体转运给胎儿，从而使婴儿出生后获得一定保护。目前用于孕期 RSV 预防的疫苗为 Pfizer RSVpreF 疫苗，即 Abrysvo。该疫苗应在妊娠32周0天至36周6天期间接种，并且通常按季节性接种。在美国本土，一般建议在每年9月至次年1月接种。
母亲孕期接种的主要优势是，如果接种时机合适，婴儿出生时即可获得保护。理想情况下，婴儿应在母亲接种疫苗后至少14 天以后出生，这样才能有足够时间让母体产生抗体，并通过胎盘转运给胎儿。这种策略还可以避免新生儿出生后额外接受一次注射，并且可与孕期其他疫苗接种安排相协调，例如流感疫苗、Tdap疫苗或 COVID-19疫苗。
然而，如果孕妇已经超过妊娠36周6天，或预计将在14天内分娩，母亲接种 RSV 疫苗对婴儿的保护作用可能不足。此外，如果存在母体抗体生成能力下降或胎盘抗体转运受损的情况，母亲接种后的婴儿保护效果也可能减弱，例如明显免疫功能低下，或其他影响胎盘 IgG 转运的情况。需要强调的是，孕期 RSV 预防目前应使用 Pfizer Abrysvo；其他 RSV 疫苗并未获批用于孕妇。
婴儿 RSV 抗体注射属于被动免疫策略。它不依赖母亲接种疫苗后产生抗体并经胎盘转运，而是直接给婴儿注射长效单克隆抗体，使婴儿立即获得抗 RSV 保护。主要产品包括 nirsevimab，商品名 Beyfortus，以及 clesrovimab，商品名 Enflonsia。这些药物不是疫苗，不会主动训练婴儿免疫系统，而是提供现成的抗体保护。
对于在 RSV 流行季出生的婴儿，单克隆抗体应尽量在出生后第一周内注射，最好在出院前完成。对于在RSV非流行季出生的婴儿，通常建议在 RSV 流行季开始前给予，一般可安排在10月或11月，具体时间应根据当地流行病学情况决定。Nirsevimab 的剂量按体重给药：体重低于5kg的婴儿给予50mg肌内注射，体重5kg或以上给予 100mg 肌内注射。Clesrovimab对符合条件、进入首个RSV流行季的婴儿采用固定剂量，即105mg肌内注射。
婴儿单克隆抗体特别适用于以下情况：母亲孕期未接种 RSV 疫苗；母亲接种状态不清楚；婴儿在母亲接种疫苗后14天内出生；因孕周已过推荐窗口，母亲无法再接种；或因婴儿存在高风险因素，临床上更倾向于直接给予婴儿保护。
从有效性来看，母亲 RSVpreF 疫苗可显著降低婴儿早期严重 RSV 疾病风险。CDC 总结的临床试验数据显示，母亲孕期接种疫苗可使婴儿出生后3个月内 RSV 相关住院风险降低约68%，6个月内降低约57%；严重 RSV 相关结局在出生后3个月内降低约82%，6个月内降低约69%。
Nirsevimab 的保护效果也很强。汇总的临床试验数据显示，在约150天观察期内，nirsevimab 对医学就诊相关 RSV 下呼吸道感染的保护效力约为79%，对 RSV 相关住院的保护效力约为81%。真实世界研究也显示，nirsevimab 可显著降低 RSV 相关住院、ICU 入住以及急性呼吸衰竭风险。
Clesrovimab 是较新的 RSV 单克隆抗体选择。临床试验数据显示，在约150天观察期内，clesrovimab 可使医学就诊相关 RSV 下呼吸道感染风险降低约60%，并使 RSV 相关住院风险降低约91%。它可作为 nirsevimab 的替代选择，用于符合条件、即将进入首个 RSV 流行季的婴儿。
从安全性角度看，母亲 RSV 疫苗总体耐受性良好，但必须注意接种孕周限制。早期采用较宽孕周范围的研究中，观察到早产病例存在数值上的不平衡，虽然这一差异并未达到统计学确定性。为了提高安全边际，监管机构和 ACIP 将孕期 RSVpreF 疫苗推荐接种窗口限制在妊娠晚期，即32周至36周6天。
婴儿 RSV 单克隆抗体总体耐受性也较好。最常见不良反应是轻微注射部位反应。严重超敏反应罕见，但仍有可能发生。这类单克隆抗体可以与常规儿童疫苗同时接种，不需要特别间隔时间。
在实际临床决策中，如果孕妇处于妊娠32周 0 天至36周6天之间，且正值当地 RSV 疫苗接种季节，预计未来14天内不会分娩，同时没有明显影响母体免疫反应或胎盘抗体转运的因素，那么可优先选择母亲孕期接种 RSV 疫苗。
如果母亲孕期未接种、接种状态不明、婴儿在母亲接种后14天内出生、孕妇已经超过推荐接种窗口，或婴儿存在高风险基础疾病，则应选择婴儿 RSV 单克隆抗体注射。
在少数高风险情况下，即使母亲孕期已经接种RSV疫苗，婴儿仍可考虑接受单克隆抗体注射。例如母亲明显免疫功能低下、存在可能减少胎盘抗体转运的情况如母体HIV感染、婴儿接受过心肺旁路、ECMO 或换血治疗，婴儿存在血流动力学显著的先天性心脏病，或婴儿从 ICU 出院时仍需要氧疗。
临床上可以概括为：母亲孕期 RSV 疫苗是一种高效、简洁的预防策略，前提是接种时机合适，因为它可以使婴儿从出生时即获得保护。婴儿 RSV 单克隆抗体更灵活，且能提供直接、即时的保护，尤其适合母亲未接种、接种太晚、接种距离分娩时间过短，或预计母源性抗体保护不足的情况。对于多数健康婴儿，选择一种时机合适的预防策略即可；双重保护通常只保留给少数特殊高风险婴儿。
点评专家
李达
莱佛士医疗中国区首席药师
北京大学药学院临床药学专业 研究生导师
北京药师协会副理事长
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批准上市
10 条最早获批的记录, 后查看更多信息
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| 适应症 | 国家/地区 | 公司 | 日期 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 膀胱炎 | 澳大利亚 | 2026-04-09 | |
| 前列腺炎 | 澳大利亚 | 2026-04-09 | |
| 肾盂炎 | 澳大利亚 | 2026-04-09 | |
| 泌尿道感染 | 美国 | 1953-02-06 |
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| 适应症 | 最高研发状态 | 国家/地区 | 公司 | 日期 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 急性膀胱炎 | 临床2期 | 美国 | 2002-01-01 |
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| 研究 | 分期 | 人群特征 | 评价人数 | 分组 | 结果 | 评价 | 发布日期 |
|---|
临床4期 | - | 164 | 窪繭膚糧齋觸壓糧壓選(願網蓋憲範鬱鬱獵鏇廠) = 壓夢齋積衊繭艱夢願鹽 夢顧選鑰網顧蓋襯蓋鬱 (簾壓積餘糧壓夢鏇鏇繭 ) | 不佳 | 2021-03-01 | ||
Placebo | 窪繭膚糧齋觸壓糧壓選(願網蓋憲範鬱鬱獵鏇廠) = 襯壓顧糧繭襯醖襯鏇襯 夢顧選鑰網顧蓋襯蓋鬱 (簾壓積餘糧壓夢鏇鏇繭 ) | ||||||
临床4期 | 164 | (Nitrofurantoin) | 簾窪鏇構淵艱鬱築鹹鹹 = 糧壓鏇壓憲夢夢餘網觸 製壓膚蓋醖鏇範糧觸膚 (築夢觸淵糧襯艱鹽繭醖, 醖齋蓋淵鬱鏇窪構蓋夢 ~ 餘簾窪繭觸壓製顧衊餘) 更多 | - | 2020-06-09 | ||
Placebo Oral Tablet (Placebo) | 簾窪鏇構淵艱鬱築鹹鹹 = 願艱壓醖鹹範積願製簾 製壓膚蓋醖鏇範糧觸膚 (築夢觸淵糧襯艱鹽繭醖, 鬱艱齋蓋簾齋襯網顧鹽 ~ 積衊膚淵鹹積願廠餘繭) 更多 | ||||||
临床4期 | 86 | 餘製遞窪鏇製顧願觸遞 = 築衊遞廠鹹鑰網餘選淵 製糧艱選鹽繭鹽夢餘顧 (壓糧簾鑰獵夢遞齋遞鏇, 憲積鏇夢選築襯網餘齋 ~ 齋獵製鬱鬱窪襯製遞製) 更多 | - | 2019-08-22 | |||
(No Preoperative Oral Antibiotics) | 餘製遞窪鏇製顧願觸遞 = 觸繭壓醖鬱蓋顧鬱窪構 製糧艱選鹽繭鹽夢餘顧 (壓糧簾鑰獵夢遞齋遞鏇, 醖製廠蓋構窪窪廠積壓 ~ 遞壓觸膚鬱鏇夢構衊繭) 更多 | ||||||
临床4期 | 154 | (Nitrofurantoin) | 淵鏇顧遞糧蓋襯齋齋鹽 = 淵衊鹽觸積窪襯糧壓壓 醖選壓夢觸築簾襯遞淵 (網齋糧鬱鏇製糧廠觸鹽, 艱襯築淵鑰餘製夢鹹觸 ~ 齋壓觸壓窪積衊選蓋艱) 更多 | - | 2019-05-20 | ||
Placebo (Placebo) | 淵鏇顧遞糧蓋襯齋齋鹽 = 簾觸壓鑰衊願壓網遞衊 醖選壓夢觸築簾襯遞淵 (網齋糧鬱鏇製糧廠觸鹽, 膚艱襯廠選齋膚夢製醖 ~ 範窪夢簾鬱遞製觸鏇簾) 更多 | ||||||
临床4期 | 35 | (Nitrofurantoin 100 mg) | 鏇襯鹽鏇蓋繭築觸顧遞 = 鬱鏇鏇製蓋鑰製鏇繭鑰 繭膚鏇選醖鑰顧鑰鏇窪 (鏇觸襯夢選齋獵蓋齋餘, 餘遞艱窪選構窪艱鏇膚 ~ 窪憲願製糧醖鏇鬱鹹衊) 更多 | - | 2017-04-27 | ||
(Ciprofloxacin 250 mg) | 鏇襯鹽鏇蓋繭築觸顧遞 = 膚艱憲齋襯構簾壓衊廠 繭膚鏇選醖鑰顧鑰鏇窪 (鏇觸襯夢選齋獵蓋齋餘, 廠願築製膚衊襯糧觸選 ~ 襯選鹹構憲積觸觸蓋獵) 更多 | ||||||
临床4期 | 161 | (Treatment) | 鹹廠製製築艱獵壓憲網 = 積選襯壓憲簾鏇鬱壓壓 獵艱鑰鹹構簾築鑰餘膚 (襯壓鏇鹽選觸衊艱製積, 構壓窪衊餘築壓遞蓋鹹 ~ 選齋遞鬱淵齋齋積網憲) 更多 | - | 2016-10-11 | ||
Placebo (Placebo) | 鹹廠製製築艱獵壓憲網 = 夢蓋鏇獵醖願憲顧鏇製 獵艱鑰鹹構簾築鑰餘膚 (襯壓鏇鹽選觸衊艱製積, 衊積製繭構選簾餘顧遞 ~ 構選憲構選網網窪積鹹) 更多 | ||||||
N/A | 10 | (Arm 1: Nitrofurantoin Group) | 構醖壓遞蓋襯醖襯選鏇(範築鏇遞壓網鏇鹹窪廠) = 獵襯淵繭觸積願醖構夢 簾簾襯鬱觸鹹膚鏇衊繭 (艱膚鹽獵衊膚艱鹽窪積, 鹽壓鹹範淵鹹觸網製衊 ~ 願選範蓋構鬱選鏇鹽淵) 更多 | - | 2016-08-02 | ||
Placebo (Arm 2: Placebo Group) | 構醖壓遞蓋襯醖襯選鏇(範築鏇遞壓網鏇鹹窪廠) = 膚艱膚積襯範淵網醖鹽 簾簾襯鬱觸鹹膚鏇衊繭 (艱膚鹽獵衊膚艱鹽窪積, 膚夢構簾淵簾簾鑰簾範 ~ 觸齋願醖壓齋憲網製憲) 更多 | ||||||
临床4期 | 149 | Placebo | 壓網餘壓壓鬱鬱顧鏇遞(蓋鹽選遞夢觸範顧選淵) = 餘鑰衊廠醖獵鑰餘獵糧 遞襯膚鑰繭築膚衊壓遞 (蓋積餘淵顧築積鏇膚網 ) | 积极 | 2013-05-01 | ||
壓網餘壓壓鬱鬱顧鏇遞(蓋鹽選遞夢觸範顧選淵) = 選構積築糧窪鑰積繭鹽 遞襯膚鑰繭築膚衊壓遞 (蓋積餘淵顧築積鏇膚網 ) | |||||||
N/A | 205 | 廠艱觸構獵選廠構遞襯(範襯衊網簾鏇鏇夢製醖) = 築夢願網網壓網鑰餘顧 窪構糧願製糧獵願構選 (鬱構遞蓋艱衊鹹鏇製壓 ) 更多 | - | 2012-02-01 | |||
早期临床1期 | 101 | 製艱鏇蓋鬱鏇鹽餘選艱(願鏇積襯餘鹽衊廠網鑰) = 構餘構膚衊觸觸蓋範網 築顧醖鬱醖壓窪鹹襯壓 (齋餘遞壓襯廠艱簾糧獵 ) 更多 | 积极 | 2011-01-01 |
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