This study aimed to explore the effects of dietary compound probiotics (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on intestinal and liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Lohmann Pink chickens. A total of twenty-four eight-week-old healthy commercial Lohmann Pink chickens were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 8 per group, half males and females in each group): Control group (basal diet + saline injection), LPS group (basal diet + LPS injection), and LPS+Pro group (basal diet supplemented with 0.2 g/kg compound probiotics + LPS injection). On days 15, 17, and 19 of the experiment, chickens in the LPS and LPS+Pro groups were challenged with LPS (0.3 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection, while the Control group received an equivalent volume of sterile saline. Sampling was performed on day 22 of the experiment. Results showed that LPS challenge markedly decreased average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05), increased rectal temperature and spleen index (P < 0.05), and caused mucosal damage of the duodenum and jejunum. LPS significantly elevated serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, as well as D-lactic acid (D-LA) and LPS concentrations (P < 0.05), while reducing the mRNA expression of intestinal tight junction genes Claudin-1 and ZO-1 (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, LPS significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P < 0.05) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activities in serum and liver (P < 0.05), accompanied by down-regulated Nrf2 (P < 0.05) and up-regulated Keap-1, TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression (P < 0.05). In contrast, compared with the LPS group, the LPS+Pro group significantly increased ADG, villous height-to-crypt depth ratio (V/C ratio), and intestinal tight junction gene expression (P < 0.05), and reduced serum DAO, D-LA, ALT, and LPS levels (P < 0.05). The LPS+Pro group also mitigated oxidative stress by normalizing MDA content and CAT activity in the serum and liver, and restored the expression of TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6 to the Control levels. In conclusion, dietary compound probiotics mitigated LPS-induced intestinal and liver injury in Lohmann Pink chickens by enhancing intestinal barrier integrity and hepatic antioxidant capacity, showing a trend to maintain the homeostasis of the Nrf2/Keap-1 mediated antioxidant pathway and suppressing TLR4/NF-κB mediated inflammatory responses in the liver at the transcriptional level, providing a promising strategy for antibiotic alternatives in healthy poultry breeding.