Pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects up to 10% of children in the U.S. and more than 90% are prescribed stimulant medications according to clinical guidelines. The standard of care for pharmacological treatment of ADHD is a "trial-and-error" approach that requires frequent dose adjustments, side effects management, and communication among doctors, parents, and school personnel over weeks, months, and years. In the first year following prescription of stimulant medications, >50% of doctors are not able to conduct the recommended follow-up with their patients. Many patients stop taking medications or keep taking medications that do not work well, as a result.
This investigation will use a non-invasive brain imaging technique called EEG to look for activity in the brain that can predict which children with ADHD will respond well to two commonly prescribed stimulant medication groups, methylphenidate and amphetamines. Based on a previous study, it is expected that EEG signals can differentiate among children whose ADHD symptoms will get better on methylphenidate, and those whose ADHD symptoms will get better on amphetamines.
220 participants ages 7-11 with ADHD will be enrolled. Participants will not have autism or intellectual disabiltiy. They will not currently be taking psychiatric medications. Participants will not have not taken stimulant medications before or have tried stimulant medications >6 months or experienced an improvement in their ADHD symptoms by taking a stimulant medication before.
Study Participation Includes:
1. Participant and caregiver complete a 3-hour visit at the Arnett Laboratory at 2 Brookline Place. During this visit, participants complete a brief IQ test and an EEG while their caregiver completes questionnaires and a clinical interview. The caregiver will give permission to request survey responses from the participant's teacher.
2. The next day, the participant and caregiver will come back to the laboratory for a 1-hour visit. The participant will do another EEG while the caregiver fills out more surveys. The doctor will take the participant's vital signs and prescribe the medication.
3. The participant will be randomly assigned to take either methylphenidate HCl or amphetamines every morning for 3 weeks. At the end of each week, the caregiver and teacher will fill out a questionnaire about the participant's behaviors and symptoms, including side effects.
4. For one week, the participant will not take medications. They will come back into the lab for another EEG at the end of that week.
5. The participant will then take the other medication every morning for 3 weeks. At the end of each week, the caregiver and teacher will fill out a questionnaire about the participant's behaviors and symptoms, including side effects.
6. It will take participants about 7 weeks to complete this study. During this time, they will complete 3 in-person and 6 virtual study visits.
7. The research funds will cover cost associated with the study. The participant's health insurer will not be billed for the medications or treatment. Medications will be provided through the research pharmacy.
8. Participants will be given a report at the end of the study with details about the medication trials, symptom response, and any other findings. They will receive up to $270 for the completion of the study. Some travel-related costs will be covered by the study.

开始日期2026-09-15

申办/合作机构

The Children's Hospital Corp.

[+2]

TCTR20250909006

/ Not yet recruiting临床1/2期IIT

The Effect of Motivational Interviewing with Family Support and Line Application-Based Program on Amphetamine Consumption of Adult with Amphetamine Use Disorder

开始日期2025-12-01

申办/合作机构-

CTIS2023-509874-48-00

/ Not yet recruiting临床1期

An open label, balanced, randomized, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, single-dose, crossover, bioequivalence study comparing Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate and Amphetamine Sulfate Tablets (Mixed Salts of Single Entity Amphetamine Product) 30 mg, manufactured by Frontida Biopharm. Inc., Philadelphia, USA with Attent 30 mg (Mixed Amphetamine Salts tablets) manufactured by Teva Israel Ltd., in healthy adult, human subjects under fasting condition.

开始日期2025-01-09

申办/合作机构

Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

100 项与苯丙胺相关的临床结果

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100 项与苯丙胺相关的转化医学

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100 项与苯丙胺相关的专利（医药）

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21,271

项与苯丙胺相关的文献（医药）

2026-10-01·FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY

Integrated whole-transcriptome analysis reveals ceRNA network dysregulation underlying methcathinone-induced synaptic damage and cognitive impairment

Article

作者: Chen, Zhe ; Xu, Chunming ; Lv, Jieping ; Zhou, Rukui ; Wei, Zhiwen ; Yun, Keming

Methcathinone (MCAT), a synthetic cathinone structurally analogous to amphetamine, poses substantial public health concerns due to its high addictive liability and pronounced neurotoxicity. In the present study, rat models of MCAT-induced neurotoxicity were established using low (0.5 mg/kg), medium (5 mg/kg), and high (20 mg/kg) doses. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze, while hippocampal synaptic morphology and ultrastructure were examined via Golgi staining and transmission electron microscopy. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed to profile mRNAs, miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs in the hippocampus across exposure groups relative to controls. Differential expression analysis identified extensive transcriptional alterations, including 1646, 1539, and 1477 DEmRNAs; 32, 28, and 23 DEmiRNAs; 749, 728, and 753 DEcircRNAs; and 391, 369, and 371 DElncRNAs in the low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, respectively. Functional enrichment analyses consistently implicated synapse-related processes and neurodegeneration-associated pathways. Notably, activity-dependent immediate-early genes (c-Fos, Nr4a1, Arc, Egr1, Egr2, and Npas4) were uniformly downregulated across all exposure levels, indicating impaired neuronal activity-dependent transcriptional responses. Integration of multi-layered transcriptomic data enabled the construction of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks, revealing extensive post-transcriptional regulatory interactions. A core ceRNA network was identified, comprising 6 hub mRNAs, 9 miRNAs, 95 lncRNAs, and 146 circRNAs. Quantitative RT-PCR validation demonstrated high concordance with RNA-seq results, supporting the robustness of the dataset. These findings demonstrate that MCAT induces cognitive deficits and synaptic structural impairments by disrupting activity-dependent gene expression and neurotrophic signaling through complex ceRNA-mediated regulatory networks. This study provides novel mechanistic insights into MCAT-induced neurotoxicity and identifies potential molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in psychostimulant-related cognitive dysfunction.

2026-09-01·FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL

Prenatal methamphetamine exposure and fetal death: A retrospective autopsy-based study

Article

作者: Buğra, Aytül ; Koç, Ümmügülsüm ; Yaman, Muhammed Fatih ; Özel, Ayşegül ; Ulu, Ersin ; Asan, Ömer ; Üzün, İbrahim ; Şahin, Hüseyin Çağrı ; Oruç, Muhammet Ali ; Kavla, Yasin ; Kefçi, Mehmet Muhsin

BACKGROUND:

Methamphetamine use during pregnancy is an increasing public health concern with potentially severe consequences for fetal development and survival. This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic, autopsy, histopathological, and toxicological findings of fetal deaths with toxicologically confirmed postmortem methamphetamine detection.

METHODS:

This retrospective autopsy-based descriptive study included 28 fetal death cases referred from multiple regions across Türkiye and evaluated by the First Specialization Board of the Council of Forensic Medicine between 2020 and 2024. Cases were selected on the basis of methamphetamine detection in postmortem fetal blood together with forensic assessment of methamphetamine exposure/toxicity as a primary or contributory factor in death. Macroscopic autopsy findings were integrated with histopathological and toxicological analyses.

RESULTS:

The mean gestational age was 29.11 ± 5.44 weeks, and 53.6% of cases were female. The mean maternal age was 29.85 ± 4.58 years; 78.6% of mothers were primigravida, and 78.6% lacked regular prenatal care. In 60.7% of cases, fetal expulsion or discovery occurred in the home setting. Small for gestational age was identified in 57.1% of cases. Histopathological findings included placental infarction (10.7%), chorioamnionitis (17.9%), funisitis (3.6%), and perinatal pneumonia (14.3%). Median postmortem fetal blood methamphetamine and amphetamine concentrations were 0.126 mg/L (IQR: 0.057-0.406) and 0.020 mg/L (IQR: 0.008-0.044), respectively.

CONCLUSION:

Fetal deaths with toxicologically confirmed postmortem methamphetamine detection highlight the serious clinical and medicolegal consequences of substance use during pregnancy. The high frequency of inadequate prenatal care and home-based fetal expulsion or discovery underscores important gaps in the early identification and referral of vulnerable pregnant women and supports the need for coordinated obstetric, psychiatric/addiction, forensic, and social support pathways.

2026-09-01·TALANTA

Molecularly imprinted plasmonic nanosensors: A reagent-free platform for ultrasensitive, real-time drug detection in complex biofluids

Article

作者: Piletsky, Sergey A ; Garcia Cruz, Alvaro ; Piletska, Elena ; Zaleski, Christopher ; Abdulsada, Shaemaa Hadi

The development of rapid, sensitive, and selective sensors for drug detection in biological fluids remains a critical challenge in clinical and forensic analysis. While localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) offers a powerful label-free detection mechanism, its selectivity in complex matrices typically relies on biological receptors that lack stability and are costly. To address this limitation, we developed a novel plasmonic sensing platform integrating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to create robust synthetic receptors termed AuNP@MIP nanosensors and demonstrated its application for amphetamine detection. The AuNP@MIP composites were synthesized via solid-phase polymerization, and the effect of AuNP core size (5-100 nm) on sensor performance was systematically optimized. Comprehensive characterization using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the composite morphology and homogeneity. The optimized LSPR sensor exhibited exceptional sensitivity and selectivity for amphetamine, achieving detection limits of 0.24 nM in buffer, 0.36 nM in urine, and 0.50 nM in plasma, with a linear range of 0.3-1.0 nM across all matrices, confirmed by triplicate measurements. No response was observed for paracetamol, while selectivity against structural analogues (methamphetamine and phenethylamine) showed negligible cross-reactivity (<0.2% for methamphetamine and <0.4% for phenethylamine). The AuNP@MIP platform combines the high sensitivity of plasmonic transduction with the tailor-made selectivity and robustness of MIPs, enabling rapid, real-time analysis directly in complex matrices without extensive sample preparation. This work establishes a versatile and powerful strategy for on-site drug monitoring, paving the way for next-generation, reagent-free biosensors.

117

项与苯丙胺相关的新闻（医药）

2026-08-22

·MedSci梅斯

迟发性运动障碍（tardive dyskinesia, TD）

迟发性运动障碍由多巴胺受体阻滞剂诱发，机制涉及多巴胺紊乱、炎症及遗传。国内新共识将 VMAT2 抑制剂列为一线，新型双靶点药物、神经调控带来新选择，强调规范筛查评估与全病程管理。深度解析医学证据，DeepEvidence为你支撑决策论坛导读：迟发性运动障碍（tardive dyskinesia, TD）是长期使用多巴胺受体阻滞剂等药物所诱发的一种慢性、常为不可逆的多动性运动障碍，严重影响患者的生活质量与精神障碍的长期管理。近年来，随着对该病病理生理机制认识的深化、诊断评估体系的规范化以及以囊泡单胺转运体2（VMAT2）抑制剂为代表的靶向药物的问世，TD的诊疗范式正经历从被动应对向主动管理的深刻转变。随着国内相继发布了相关共识，首次将TD列为独立专题并构建了以VMAT2抑制剂为核心的分级治疗路径，标志着国内TD诊疗进入循证化、规范化的新阶段。与此同时，新型VMAT2/Sigma-1R双重靶向药物LY03015的Ⅱ期临床研究取得积极结果，为非药物治疗（如重复经颅磁刺激、脑深部电刺激）的探索以及生物标志物的开发也为TD的个体化诊疗提供了新的可能。迟发性运动障碍（tardive dyskinesia, TD）最早于1957年被描述，1964年由Faurbye等正式命名。它是一种与长期使用多巴胺受体阻滞剂（dopamine receptor-blocking agents, DRBAs）相关的多动性运动障碍，临床表现为舌、唇、下颌、面部及躯干四肢的重复、不自主、舞蹈样或手足徐动样运动。TD不仅是抗精神病药最常见且最严重的锥体外系不良反应之一，也是导致患者治疗依从性下降、社会功能受损、医疗负担加重乃至死亡率升高的重要因素。长期以来，TD的临床诊疗面临三重困境：发病机制不清导致缺乏靶向干预策略，诊断标准不一导致大量漏诊误诊，有效药物缺位导致临床“无药可用”。然而，近五年来这一局面正在发生根本性改变。2017年，美国FDA先后批准缬苯那嗪（valbenazine）和氘丁苯那嗪（deutetrabenazine）两种VMAT2抑制剂用于TD治疗，结束了TD六十余年无特效药的历史。2025~2026年，中国TD诊疗指南与专家共识的相继发布，进一步推动了临床实践的规范化。流行病学与危险因素 TD仍是抗精神病药治疗中不可忽视的公共卫生问题。Meta分析显示，使用第一代抗精神病药（FGAs）时TD患病率约为30%，使用第二代抗精神病药（SGAs）时约为20.7%，全球综合患病率达25.3%。地区差异显著：亚洲为17.3%，欧洲为22.3%，美国为31.3%。在中国，长期接受抗精神病药治疗的精神分裂症患者中TD患病率高达33.7%；一项近期研究进一步报告中国精神分裂症患者TD患病率为36%。即便在SGA时代，TD仍然广泛存在。FGAs的年化发生率为6.5%，SGAs为2.6%。 doi: 10.1007/s40263-024-01078-z. TD的危险因素涵盖多个维度。高龄是公认的最强风险因素之一，60岁以上人群风险提升3.2倍；女性患病率高于男性（女性占比可达68%）；用药持续时间越长、累积剂量越大，风险越高。此外，DRBAs的暴露不仅限于抗精神病药，止吐药（如甲氧氯普胺、丙氯拉嗪）等也具有相同风险。表1诱发迟发性运动障碍（TD）常见药物种类药物类别代表性药物 TD风险等级备注第一代抗精神病药（FGAs）氯丙嗪、氟奋乃静、氟哌啶醇、奋乃静、洛沙平、三氟拉嗪、硫利达嗪、氨砜噻吨、匹莫齐特、吗茚酮高平均原始TD发生率为2.4%~21.3%；年化TD发生率约6.5%。因对D2受体亲和力高，长期使用易致突触后D2受体上调第二代抗精神病药（SGAs）阿立哌唑、奥氮平、利培酮、喹硫平、氯氮平、齐拉西酮、鲁拉西酮、氨磺必利、阿塞那平、帕利哌酮、依匹哌唑、卡利拉嗪、伊潘立酮、Lumateperone 中低平均原始TD发生率为0.9%~8.2%；年化TD发生率约2.6%，风险比FGAs低约53%（RR=0.47）。氯氮平风险最低止吐药/促动力药甲氧氯普胺（胃复安）、丙氯拉嗪中均为多巴胺受体阻滞剂（DRBAs），长期使用可致TD。甲氧氯普胺使用超过12周风险显著增加抗抑郁药 SSRIs：氟西汀、帕罗西汀、舍曲林、西酞普兰、艾司西酞普兰；SNRIs：文拉法辛、度洛西汀；TCAs：阿米替林；其他：米氮平、曲唑酮、安非他酮、苯乙肼低抗抑郁药所致TD样综合征相对少见且多数可逆。WHO药物警戒数据库显示西酞普兰、帕罗西汀、度洛西汀和米氮平与运动障碍报告频率最高抗帕金森病药左旋多巴、卡比多巴-左旋多巴（帕金宁）、溴隐亭、普拉克索、罗匹尼罗等多巴胺能药物低多巴胺能药物可引起类似TD的不自主运动抗组胺药/钙通道阻滞剂桂利嗪、异丙嗪低桂利嗪兼具抗组胺和钙通道拮抗作用抗胆碱能药苯海索（安坦）等争议可能增加TD的发生率或加重已形成的TD 其他锂盐、抗癫痫药、中枢兴奋剂（哌甲酯、可卡因、苯丙胺等）低多为个案或偶发报告发病机制 TD的确切发病机制至今尚未完全阐明，但近年来研究已从单纯的多巴胺受体超敏感假说拓展为多因素交互作用的复杂网络。多巴胺能系统失调经典假说认为，长期阻断突触后多巴胺D2受体导致受体代偿性增敏和数量上调，产生超敏感状态，从而引发不自主运动。然而，这一假说难以解释为何停药后TD症状仍可持续甚至恶化。近年研究提示，DRBAs阻断突触后D2受体后，未结合的突触多巴胺过量，被突触前神经元通过多巴胺转运体重摄取，可能参与了这一恶性循环。 doi: 10.1007/s40263-024-01078-z. 氧化应激与神经炎症氧化应激和神经炎症在TD发病中的作用日益受到关注。研究表明，TD患者血清脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）水平低于非TD患者，提示神经免疫功能障碍可能参与TD的病理过程。一氧化氮（NO）的过度产生可形成活性氮等毒性化合物，诱发中枢神经系统氧化应激和炎症损伤。Toll样受体4（TLR4）信号通路的失调也被发现与TD患者的神经炎症和认知损害相关。目前越来越多的证据支持TD是氧化应激、神经炎症与免疫系统失调复杂交互作用的结果。遗传易感性遗传因素在TD发生发展中扮演重要角色。目前报道较多的易感基因包括DRD2、DRD3、COMT、SLC18A2（编码VMAT2）、HTR2A和HTR2C等。近期在中国汉族精神分裂症患者中发现，GRIN2A基因rs7206256多态性与TD易感性和症状严重程度相关。此外，NOS3基因多态性与TD易感性的关联进一步支持了氧化应激和免疫功能障碍在TD发病中的作用。DNA甲基化等表观遗传机制也可能参与TD的发生。诊断与评估的规范化诊断标准 TD的临床诊断需满足三个核心要素：存在典型的运动障碍性不自主运动；有至少1个月的DRBAs暴露史；排除其他病因。专家共识（2025）明确建议，TD诊断应以DSM-5为基础框架，结合Schooler-Kane标准量化症状严重程度，参照Glazer-Morgenstern标准进行系统鉴别诊断。该共识还首次明确区分了TD与迟发性综合征（tardive syndrome, TS）的概念，TS是长期暴露于DRBAs后出现的持续性运动或非运动障碍的总称，TD是其最常见的临床表现。筛查与评估工具的规范化 TD在全球范围内存在严重的漏诊问题。一项基于美国25家精神卫生医疗机构电子病历的研究显示，363,043名接受抗精神病药治疗的患者中有4,243人表现出TD临床特征，但仅54人（1.3%）获得正式ICD诊断。造成这一现象的原因包括临床对TD表现复杂性认识不足及潜在的误诊。共识对此提出了系统性的筛查建议：每次就诊时进行简短的半结构化运动障碍评估；使用FGAs的患者每3~6个月进行1次结构化评估；使用SGAs的患者每6~12个月进行1次结构化评估。异常不自主运动量表（Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, AIMS）是筛查和监测TD严重程度的标准化工具。TD在AIMS的2个或以上部位得分≥2，或在1个及以上部位得分≥3。鉴别诊断 TD需与多种运动障碍相鉴别，包括药物诱发的帕金森综合征、静坐不能、急性肌张力障碍、兔唇综合征以及亨廷顿舞蹈病、棘红细胞增多症等神经系统疾病。值得注意的是，抗胆碱能药物（如苯托品、苯海拉明）常用于治疗抗精神病药所致运动障碍，但此类药物不仅对TD无效，反而可能加重症状。药物治疗 VMAT2抑制剂 VMAT2抑制剂的出现是TD治疗史上最重要的里程碑。VMAT2位于突触前囊泡膜上，负责将胞质内的单胺类神经递质（多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺）转运入囊泡储存。抑制VMAT2可减少突触前多巴胺的释放，从而在不直接阻断突触后D2受体的前提下减轻多巴胺能信号失调。 2017年，缬苯那嗪和氘丁苯那嗪先后获得FDA批准用于TD治疗。目前，VMAT2抑制剂已被国内外指南一致推荐为TD的一线治疗药物。2025年发布的第三版《中国精神分裂症防治指南》首次将TD处理策略列为独立专题，明确提出以VMAT2抑制剂为核心的分级治疗方案。VMAT2抑制剂（氘丁苯那嗪、缬苯那嗪）为1B级推荐，换用氯氮平为2C级推荐，加用维生素B6或维生素E为防止症状恶化的辅助选项。这一更新结束了中国TD临床治疗长期“无标准可循、无首选药物”的局面。氘丁苯那嗪是目前国内唯一获批的VMAT2抑制剂，《氘丁苯那嗪治疗迟发性运动障碍临床应用指导建议》已于2025年正式发表。真实世界研究进一步验证了VMAT2抑制剂的临床价值。缬苯那嗪可从治疗第一天达到治疗剂量，而仅约半数接受氘丁苯那嗪治疗的患者能在6个月内达到治疗剂量。缬苯那嗪在改善患者躯体、社交和情感结局方面也显示出显著优势。表1 FDA批准的两类VMAT2抑制剂治疗迟发性运动障碍的核心对比对比维度缬苯那嗪（Valbenazine / Ingrezza®）氘丁苯那嗪（Deutetrabenazine / Austedo®） FDA批准时间 2017年4月11日 2017年8月30日作用机制选择性抑制VMAT2，单代谢产物高亲和力结合靶点，无脱靶活性抑制VMAT2，产生多种代谢产物，部分代谢产物对VMAT2亲和力较低 VMAT2靶点占有率（治疗剂量） 76.5%（PET影像直接测量）；稳态时40mg达83%、80mg达92% 38.3%（PET影像直接测量）；稳态时24mg达54%、48mg达70% 起始给药方案无需剂量滴定，直接以40mg起始（最低有效剂量即达治疗反应）需逐步剂量滴定给药频率与剂型每日1次；有胶囊及撒剂（sprinkle）两种剂型每日1次（缓释片） AIMS评分改善（短期） 6周研究：80mg组LSMD为-3.1（P<0.001） 12周研究：LSMD为-1.9（P=0.001） AIMS评分改善（长期）治疗48周后AIMS总分平均改善-10.2至-11.0分治疗145周时改善-6.6分安全性特征仅抑制VMAT2，对VMAT1及多巴胺能、5-羟色胺能、肾上腺素能等受体无亲和力总体耐受性良好；帕金森样症状发生率为3% 指南推荐级别 APA/AAN指南A级推荐（一线治疗） APA/AAN指南A级推荐（一线治疗）说明：缬苯那嗪与氘丁苯那嗪虽靶向同一受体（VMAT2），但在药理学、药代动力学和临床特征上存在显著差异，二者并非临床可互换。缬苯那嗪的靶点占有率约为氘丁苯那嗪的两倍。间接治疗比较显示，缬苯那嗪80mg/日在6周时的AIMS评分改善显著优于氘丁苯那嗪36mg/日8周时的改善。新型VMAT2靶向药物 2026年6月，绿叶制药自主研发的1类创新药LY03015治疗TD的中国Ⅱ期临床试验取得积极结果，达到主要终点。LY03015是全球首个VMAT2抑制剂与Sigma-1R激动剂的双重靶向药物。Ⅱ期临床数据显示，20mg剂量组AIMS有效率高达76.5%。这一结果不仅为TD患者提供了新的治疗选择，也提示双靶点策略可能成为TD药物研发的新方向。维生素E及其他辅助治疗维生素E因其抗氧化和免疫调节特性，在TD治疗中作为辅助选项被指南推荐（2C级）。网络药理学研究发现，维生素E可能通过靶向PI3K-Akt通路中的AKT1、BDNF、NOS3和TLR4等关键分子发挥作用。然而，Cochrane系统评价表明，维生素E虽可能通过减轻氧化损伤来防止症状恶化，但对已形成的TD症状逆转效果有限，证据质量较低。非药物治疗重复经颅磁刺激重复经颅磁刺激（repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, rTMS）作为一种无创神经调控技术，通过磁场刺激大脑特定区域调节神经可塑性。研究表明，rTMS可有效改善TD患者的不自主运动症状和认知功能。超低频经颅磁刺激（ILF-TMS）在TD治疗中也显示出一定疗效。近期研究发现，大脑皮质形态学参数与rTMS对TD的疗效存在相关性，为个体化治疗参数的优化提供了依据。脑深部电刺激对于药物治疗无效的重症TD患者，脑深部电刺激（deep brain stimulation, DBS）提供了有希望的选择。苍白球内侧部脑深部电刺激（GPi-DBS）已被证实对药物难治性TD安全有效，患者报告症状改善可达62%。丘脑底核靶向的无创DBS也在探索中。然而，DBS属于侵入性治疗，其适应人群、最佳刺激靶点和长期疗效仍需更多研究验证。全程管理：从筛查到康复 TD的管理不应局限于症状控制，而应贯穿于预防、筛查、诊断、治疗和康复的全程。专家共识（2025）构建了标准化的管理路径，目标在于提升TD的筛查识别率、减少误诊漏诊、规范诊疗流程并强化全病程预防与干预。预防是TD管理的第一道防线。临床应尽可能使用最低有效剂量的抗精神病药，定期评估继续用药的必要性。对于已确诊TD的患者，治疗决策需权衡停用致病药物与原发精神障碍复发的风险。对于非精神病性障碍患者，可考虑停用DRBAs；而对于精神分裂症等需要长期维持治疗的患者，则应在不中断抗精神病治疗的前提下使用VMAT2抑制剂控制TD症状。结语迟发性运动障碍的诊疗在过去几年中取得了革命性进展。从机制层面看，TD的病理生理认知已从单一的多巴胺超敏感假说拓展为氧化应激、神经炎症、遗传易感性与多巴胺能失调交互作用的复杂网络。从临床实践看，以VMAT2抑制剂为核心的靶向药物彻底改变了TD“无药可治”的困境，而2025~2026年中国指南与共识的相继发布则标志着TD诊疗从经验性、碎片化的模式向循证化、系统化的范式转变。未来，随着生物标志物的开发、新型药物的涌现以及个体化治疗策略的推进，TD的全程管理有望实现从“被动应对症状”到“主动预测与精准干预”的跨越。参考文献 Fagiolini A,et al. 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Schizophr Bull. 2026 Jan 16;52(1):sbaf006. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbaf006. Vanegas-Arroyave N, et al. An Evidence-Based Update on Anticholinergic Use for Drug-Induced Movement Disorders. CNS Drugs. 2024 Apr;38(4):239-254. doi: 10.1007/s40263-024-01078-z. Solmi M, et al. Efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological interventions for tardive dyskinesia in people with schizophrenia or mood disorders: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry. 2025 Mar;30(3):1207-1222. doi: 10.1038/s41380-024-02733-z. Rosenthal LS, et al. Vesicular monoamine transport inhibitors: current uses and future directions. Lancet. 2025 Aug 9;406(10503):650-664. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01072-4.

2026-08-20

·神经科学论坛

迟发性运动障碍（tardive dyskinesia, TD）

论坛导读：迟发性运动障碍（tardive dyskinesia, TD）是长期使用多巴胺受体阻滞剂等药物所诱发的一种慢性、常为不可逆的多动性运动障碍，严重影响患者的生活质量与精神障碍的长期管理。近年来，随着对该病病理生理机制认识的深化、诊断评估体系的规范化以及以囊泡单胺转运体2（VMAT2）抑制剂为代表的靶向药物的问世，TD的诊疗范式正经历从被动应对向主动管理的深刻转变。随着国内相继发布了相关共识，首次将TD列为独立专题并构建了以VMAT2抑制剂为核心的分级治疗路径，标志着国内TD诊疗进入循证化、规范化的新阶段。与此同时，新型VMAT2/Sigma-1R双重靶向药物LY03015的Ⅱ期临床研究取得积极结果，为非药物治疗（如重复经颅磁刺激、脑深部电刺激）的探索以及生物标志物的开发也为TD的个体化诊疗提供了新的可能。迟发性运动障碍（tardive dyskinesia, TD）最早于1957年被描述，1964年由Faurbye等正式命名。它是一种与长期使用多巴胺受体阻滞剂（dopamine receptor-blocking agents, DRBAs）相关的多动性运动障碍，临床表现为舌、唇、下颌、面部及躯干四肢的重复、不自主、舞蹈样或手足徐动样运动。TD不仅是抗精神病药最常见且最严重的锥体外系不良反应之一，也是导致患者治疗依从性下降、社会功能受损、医疗负担加重乃至死亡率升高的重要因素。长期以来，TD的临床诊疗面临三重困境：发病机制不清导致缺乏靶向干预策略，诊断标准不一导致大量漏诊误诊，有效药物缺位导致临床“无药可用”。然而，近五年来这一局面正在发生根本性改变。2017年，美国FDA先后批准缬苯那嗪（valbenazine）和氘丁苯那嗪（deutetrabenazine）两种VMAT2抑制剂用于TD治疗，结束了TD六十余年无特效药的历史。2025~2026年，中国TD诊疗指南与专家共识的相继发布，进一步推动了临床实践的规范化。流行病学与危险因素 TD仍是抗精神病药治疗中不可忽视的公共卫生问题。Meta分析显示，使用第一代抗精神病药（FGAs）时TD患病率约为30%，使用第二代抗精神病药（SGAs）时约为20.7%，全球综合患病率达25.3%。地区差异显著：亚洲为17.3%，欧洲为22.3%，美国为31.3%。在中国，长期接受抗精神病药治疗的精神分裂症患者中TD患病率高达33.7%；一项近期研究进一步报告中国精神分裂症患者TD患病率为36%。即便在SGA时代，TD仍然广泛存在。FGAs的年化发生率为6.5%，SGAs为2.6%。 doi: 10.1007/s40263-024-01078-z. TD的危险因素涵盖多个维度。高龄是公认的最强风险因素之一，60岁以上人群风险提升3.2倍；女性患病率高于男性（女性占比可达68%）；用药持续时间越长、累积剂量越大，风险越高。此外，DRBAs的暴露不仅限于抗精神病药，止吐药（如甲氧氯普胺、丙氯拉嗪）等也具有相同风险。表1诱发迟发性运动障碍（TD）常见药物种类药物类别代表性药物 TD风险等级备注第一代抗精神病药（FGAs）氯丙嗪、氟奋乃静、氟哌啶醇、奋乃静、洛沙平、三氟拉嗪、硫利达嗪、氨砜噻吨、匹莫齐特、吗茚酮高平均原始TD发生率为2.4%~21.3%；年化TD发生率约6.5%。因对D2受体亲和力高，长期使用易致突触后D2受体上调第二代抗精神病药（SGAs）阿立哌唑、奥氮平、利培酮、喹硫平、氯氮平、齐拉西酮、鲁拉西酮、氨磺必利、阿塞那平、帕利哌酮、依匹哌唑、卡利拉嗪、伊潘立酮、Lumateperone 中低平均原始TD发生率为0.9%~8.2%；年化TD发生率约2.6%，风险比FGAs低约53%（RR=0.47）。氯氮平风险最低止吐药/促动力药甲氧氯普胺（胃复安）、丙氯拉嗪中均为多巴胺受体阻滞剂（DRBAs），长期使用可致TD。甲氧氯普胺使用超过12周风险显著增加抗抑郁药 SSRIs：氟西汀、帕罗西汀、舍曲林、西酞普兰、艾司西酞普兰；SNRIs：文拉法辛、度洛西汀；TCAs：阿米替林；其他：米氮平、曲唑酮、安非他酮、苯乙肼低抗抑郁药所致TD样综合征相对少见且多数可逆。WHO药物警戒数据库显示西酞普兰、帕罗西汀、度洛西汀和米氮平与运动障碍报告频率最高抗帕金森病药左旋多巴、卡比多巴-左旋多巴（帕金宁）、溴隐亭、普拉克索、罗匹尼罗等多巴胺能药物低多巴胺能药物可引起类似TD的不自主运动抗组胺药/钙通道阻滞剂桂利嗪、异丙嗪低桂利嗪兼具抗组胺和钙通道拮抗作用抗胆碱能药苯海索（安坦）等争议可能增加TD的发生率或加重已形成的TD 其他锂盐、抗癫痫药、中枢兴奋剂（哌甲酯、可卡因、苯丙胺等）低多为个案或偶发报告发病机制 TD的确切发病机制至今尚未完全阐明，但近年来研究已从单纯的多巴胺受体超敏感假说拓展为多因素交互作用的复杂网络。多巴胺能系统失调经典假说认为，长期阻断突触后多巴胺D2受体导致受体代偿性增敏和数量上调，产生超敏感状态，从而引发不自主运动。然而，这一假说难以解释为何停药后TD症状仍可持续甚至恶化。近年研究提示，DRBAs阻断突触后D2受体后，未结合的突触多巴胺过量，被突触前神经元通过多巴胺转运体重摄取，可能参与了这一恶性循环。 doi: 10.1007/s40263-024-01078-z.氧化应激与神经炎症氧化应激和神经炎症在TD发病中的作用日益受到关注。研究表明，TD患者血清脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）水平低于非TD患者，提示神经免疫功能障碍可能参与TD的病理过程。一氧化氮（NO）的过度产生可形成活性氮等毒性化合物，诱发中枢神经系统氧化应激和炎症损伤。Toll样受体4（TLR4）信号通路的失调也被发现与TD患者的神经炎症和认知损害相关。目前越来越多的证据支持TD是氧化应激、神经炎症与免疫系统失调复杂交互作用的结果。遗传易感性遗传因素在TD发生发展中扮演重要角色。目前报道较多的易感基因包括DRD2、DRD3、COMT、SLC18A2（编码VMAT2）、HTR2A和HTR2C等。近期在中国汉族精神分裂症患者中发现，GRIN2A基因rs7206256多态性与TD易感性和症状严重程度相关。此外，NOS3基因多态性与TD易感性的关联进一步支持了氧化应激和免疫功能障碍在TD发病中的作用。DNA甲基化等表观遗传机制也可能参与TD的发生。诊断与评估的规范化诊断标准 TD的临床诊断需满足三个核心要素：存在典型的运动障碍性不自主运动；有至少1个月的DRBAs暴露史；排除其他病因。专家共识（2025）明确建议，TD诊断应以DSM-5为基础框架，结合Schooler-Kane标准量化症状严重程度，参照Glazer-Morgenstern标准进行系统鉴别诊断。该共识还首次明确区分了TD与迟发性综合征（tardive syndrome, TS）的概念，TS是长期暴露于DRBAs后出现的持续性运动或非运动障碍的总称，TD是其最常见的临床表现。筛查与评估工具的规范化 TD在全球范围内存在严重的漏诊问题。一项基于美国25家精神卫生医疗机构电子病历的研究显示，363,043名接受抗精神病药治疗的患者中有4,243人表现出TD临床特征，但仅54人（1.3%）获得正式ICD诊断。造成这一现象的原因包括临床对TD表现复杂性认识不足及潜在的误诊。共识对此提出了系统性的筛查建议：每次就诊时进行简短的半结构化运动障碍评估；使用FGAs的患者每3~6个月进行1次结构化评估；使用SGAs的患者每6~12个月进行1次结构化评估。异常不自主运动量表（Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, AIMS）是筛查和监测TD严重程度的标准化工具。TD在AIMS的2个或以上部位得分≥2，或在1个及以上部位得分≥3。鉴别诊断 TD需与多种运动障碍相鉴别，包括药物诱发的帕金森综合征、静坐不能、急性肌张力障碍、兔唇综合征以及亨廷顿舞蹈病、棘红细胞增多症等神经系统疾病。值得注意的是，抗胆碱能药物（如苯托品、苯海拉明）常用于治疗抗精神病药所致运动障碍，但此类药物不仅对TD无效，反而可能加重症状。药物治疗VMAT2抑制剂 VMAT2抑制剂的出现是TD治疗史上最重要的里程碑。VMAT2位于突触前囊泡膜上，负责将胞质内的单胺类神经递质（多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺）转运入囊泡储存。抑制VMAT2可减少突触前多巴胺的释放，从而在不直接阻断突触后D2受体的前提下减轻多巴胺能信号失调。 2017年，缬苯那嗪和氘丁苯那嗪先后获得FDA批准用于TD治疗。目前，VMAT2抑制剂已被国内外指南一致推荐为TD的一线治疗药物。2025年发布的第三版《中国精神分裂症防治指南》首次将TD处理策略列为独立专题，明确提出以VMAT2抑制剂为核心的分级治疗方案。VMAT2抑制剂（氘丁苯那嗪、缬苯那嗪）为1B级推荐，换用氯氮平为2C级推荐，加用维生素B6或维生素E为防止症状恶化的辅助选项。这一更新结束了中国TD临床治疗长期“无标准可循、无首选药物”的局面。氘丁苯那嗪是目前国内唯一获批的VMAT2抑制剂，《氘丁苯那嗪治疗迟发性运动障碍临床应用指导建议》已于2025年正式发表。真实世界研究进一步验证了VMAT2抑制剂的临床价值。缬苯那嗪可从治疗第一天达到治疗剂量，而仅约半数接受氘丁苯那嗪治疗的患者能在6个月内达到治疗剂量。缬苯那嗪在改善患者躯体、社交和情感结局方面也显示出显著优势。表1 FDA批准的两类VMAT2抑制剂治疗迟发性运动障碍的核心对比对比维度缬苯那嗪（Valbenazine / Ingrezza®）氘丁苯那嗪（Deutetrabenazine / Austedo®） FDA批准时间 2017年4月11日 2017年8月30日作用机制选择性抑制VMAT2，单代谢产物高亲和力结合靶点，无脱靶活性抑制VMAT2，产生多种代谢产物，部分代谢产物对VMAT2亲和力较低 VMAT2靶点占有率（治疗剂量） 76.5%（PET影像直接测量）；稳态时40mg达83%、80mg达92% 38.3%（PET影像直接测量）；稳态时24mg达54%、48mg达70% 起始给药方案无需剂量滴定，直接以40mg起始（最低有效剂量即达治疗反应）需逐步剂量滴定给药频率与剂型每日1次；有胶囊及撒剂（sprinkle）两种剂型每日1次（缓释片） AIMS评分改善（短期） 6周研究：80mg组LSMD为-3.1（P<0.001） 12周研究：LSMD为-1.9（P=0.001） AIMS评分改善（长期）治疗48周后AIMS总分平均改善-10.2至-11.0分治疗145周时改善-6.6分安全性特征仅抑制VMAT2，对VMAT1及多巴胺能、5-羟色胺能、肾上腺素能等受体无亲和力总体耐受性良好；帕金森样症状发生率为3% 指南推荐级别 APA/AAN指南A级推荐（一线治疗） APA/AAN指南A级推荐（一线治疗）说明：缬苯那嗪与氘丁苯那嗪虽靶向同一受体（VMAT2），但在药理学、药代动力学和临床特征上存在显著差异，二者并非临床可互换。缬苯那嗪的靶点占有率约为氘丁苯那嗪的两倍。间接治疗比较显示，缬苯那嗪80mg/日在6周时的AIMS评分改善显著优于氘丁苯那嗪36mg/日8周时的改善。新型VMAT2靶向药物 2026年6月，绿叶制药自主研发的1类创新药LY03015治疗TD的中国Ⅱ期临床试验取得积极结果，达到主要终点。LY03015是全球首个VMAT2抑制剂与Sigma-1R激动剂的双重靶向药物。Ⅱ期临床数据显示，20mg剂量组AIMS有效率高达76.5%。这一结果不仅为TD患者提供了新的治疗选择，也提示双靶点策略可能成为TD药物研发的新方向。维生素E及其他辅助治疗维生素E因其抗氧化和免疫调节特性，在TD治疗中作为辅助选项被指南推荐（2C级）。网络药理学研究发现，维生素E可能通过靶向PI3K-Akt通路中的AKT1、BDNF、NOS3和TLR4等关键分子发挥作用。然而，Cochrane系统评价表明，维生素E虽可能通过减轻氧化损伤来防止症状恶化，但对已形成的TD症状逆转效果有限，证据质量较低。非药物治疗重复经颅磁刺激重复经颅磁刺激（repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, rTMS）作为一种无创神经调控技术，通过磁场刺激大脑特定区域调节神经可塑性。研究表明，rTMS可有效改善TD患者的不自主运动症状和认知功能。超低频经颅磁刺激（ILF-TMS）在TD治疗中也显示出一定疗效。近期研究发现，大脑皮质形态学参数与rTMS对TD的疗效存在相关性，为个体化治疗参数的优化提供了依据。脑深部电刺激对于药物治疗无效的重症TD患者，脑深部电刺激（deep brain stimulation, DBS）提供了有希望的选择。苍白球内侧部脑深部电刺激（GPi-DBS）已被证实对药物难治性TD安全有效，患者报告症状改善可达62%。丘脑底核靶向的无创DBS也在探索中。然而，DBS属于侵入性治疗，其适应人群、最佳刺激靶点和长期疗效仍需更多研究验证。全程管理：从筛查到康复 TD的管理不应局限于症状控制，而应贯穿于预防、筛查、诊断、治疗和康复的全程。专家共识（2025）构建了标准化的管理路径，目标在于提升TD的筛查识别率、减少误诊漏诊、规范诊疗流程并强化全病程预防与干预。预防是TD管理的第一道防线。临床应尽可能使用最低有效剂量的抗精神病药，定期评估继续用药的必要性。对于已确诊TD的患者，治疗决策需权衡停用致病药物与原发精神障碍复发的风险。对于非精神病性障碍患者，可考虑停用DRBAs；而对于精神分裂症等需要长期维持治疗的患者，则应在不中断抗精神病治疗的前提下使用VMAT2抑制剂控制TD症状。结语迟发性运动障碍的诊疗在过去几年中取得了革命性进展。从机制层面看，TD的病理生理认知已从单一的多巴胺超敏感假说拓展为氧化应激、神经炎症、遗传易感性与多巴胺能失调交互作用的复杂网络。从临床实践看，以VMAT2抑制剂为核心的靶向药物彻底改变了TD“无药可治”的困境，而2025~2026年中国指南与共识的相继发布则标志着TD诊疗从经验性、碎片化的模式向循证化、系统化的范式转变。未来，随着生物标志物的开发、新型药物的涌现以及个体化治疗策略的推进，TD的全程管理有望实现从“被动应对症状”到“主动预测与精准干预”的跨越。参考文献 Fagiolini A,et al. 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Schizophr Bull. 2026 Jan 16;52(1):sbaf006. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbaf006. Vanegas-Arroyave N, et al. An Evidence-Based Update on Anticholinergic Use for Drug-Induced Movement Disorders. CNS Drugs. 2024 Apr;38(4):239-254. doi: 10.1007/s40263-024-01078-z. Solmi M, et al. Efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological interventions for tardive dyskinesia in people with schizophrenia or mood disorders: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry. 2025 Mar;30(3):1207-1222. doi: 10.1038/s41380-024-02733-z. Rosenthal LS, et al. Vesicular monoamine transport inhibitors: current uses and future directions. Lancet. 2025 Aug 9;406(10503):650-664. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01072-4. 更多精彩阅读 2025帕金森病十大科学研究进展神经系统疾病中的万花筒！急性缺血性卒中与再灌注治疗|指南速览 2025睡眠医学十大科学研究进展快走or慢跑｜高血压的个体化科学运动处方脊髓神经结节病（Spinal Neurosarcoidosis）清醒梦(Lucid Dreaming)|从现象学到认知神经科学肝豆状核变性的精准驱铜与个体化治疗青少年抑郁与睡眠剥夺有关心理漫谈|婚恋情感中的安全感缺乏

2026-08-20

·北京医学感染与传染研究

自然医学 32卷 7-8期（2026年8月20日更新）

Nature Medicine Volume 32 Issue 7 自然医学 32卷 7期 https://www.nature.com/nm/volumes/32/issues/7 Editorial（社论） 1 Oncology must confront hidden side effects 肿瘤学必须正视隐匿不良反应 Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, page 2321 News（新闻） 2 Taming the inflamed heart 调控炎症性心脏病变 Charlotte Harrison Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2322-2323 News Feature（新闻专题） 3 When the real world becomes the trial 当现实世界成为临床试验场域 Marianne Guenot Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2324–2327 Correspondence（读者来信） 4 What Galen’s dissections reveal about tacit learning in modern medical education 盖伦解剖研究对现代医学教育中默会学习的启示 Andres PelavskiGabriele TorcolettiOrly Lewis Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2328–2329 5 What Utah’s clinical AI sandbox reveals about independent oversight 犹他州临床人工智能沙箱对独立监管机制的启示 Rahul GorijavoluNikhil JaiswalLeo Anthony Celi Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2330–2332 6 A case of artificial intelligence-enhanced diagnostics leading to heart transplantation 人工智能辅助诊断促成心脏移植一例 Heidi S. HartmanJoshua FinerPierre Elias Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2333–2334 7 Unintended consequences of legacy oversight in digital medicine 数字医学领域传统监管模式带来的非预期后果 Jochen K. LennerzDaniela AllendeAnne M. Stowman Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2335–2337 8 Incretin therapies, nutrition and food insecurity in the UK 英国肠促胰素治疗、营养状况与粮食不安全问题 Marie SpreckleyCara F. RuggieroAdrian Brown Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2338–2339 World View（全球观点） 9 Manageable toxicity is not a label — it is an oxymoron 可控制毒性并非标签，而是矛盾表述 From the patient’s perspective, toxicity is manageable only when it is met with empathy. 从患者视角而言，只有饱含人文关怀，不良反应才谈得上可控。 Laura Book Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, page 2340 10 Downplaying toxicities in cancer drug trials is not acceptable 肿瘤药物临床试验中淡化不良反应不可取 Bishal Gyawali Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, page 2341 Comment（述评） 11 Wearables as personal health custodians 可穿戴设备：个人健康守护者 Lei LuJosip Car Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2342–2345 12 Australia legislates against genetic discrimination in life insurance 澳大利亚立法禁止人寿保险领域的基因歧视 Jane Tiller Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2346–2348 13 A roadmap to competitive preclinical packages 具备竞争力的临床前研究方案构建路线图 Mustafa KhasrawMegan C. BenzJose R. Conejo-Garcia Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2349–2352 14 Brain Health for Economic Resilience: a data-driven framework for the brain-positive economic transition 保障大脑健康助力经济韧性：推动益脑经济转型的数据驱动框架 Harris A. EyreRym AyadiSimon Fischer-Baum Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2353–2355 News & Views（新闻与观点） 15 Long-term health risks of e-cigarettes after smoking cessation 戒烟后使用电子烟的长期健康风险 Mahdi SheikhPamela M. Ling Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2356–2357 16 CAR T cells take on precancers CAR-T细胞靶向癌前病变 Eric M. JurgensSham Mailankody Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2358–2359 17 Lassa fever countermeasures gather pace 拉沙热防控举措加速推进 Daniel Jenkin Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2360–2361 18 Shifting the goalposts in obesity drug development 肥胖药物研发目标的重新界定 W. Timothy Garvey Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages pages 2362–2363 Research Briefings（研究简报） 19 General-purpose chatbots outperform clinical AI tools on physicians’ real-world questions 通用对话机器人在医师现实临床问题上表现优于专用临床人工智能工具 Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2364–2365 20 An AI framework for multi-disease detection via retinal imaging 基于视网膜影像的多疾病筛查人工智能框架 Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2366–2367 Perspectives（前瞻观点） 21 Immune aging biomarkers for clinical trials 适用于临床试验的免疫衰老生物标志物 Andrea CiprianoJamie JusticeChiara M. S. Herzog Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2368–2382 Review Articles（综述） 22 Biological aging clocks in health and disease 健康与疾病状态下的生物学衰老时钟 Tony Wyss-CorayEric J. Topol Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2383–2394 Matters Arising（学术争鸣） 23 Limited evidence of AI superiority in seasonal influenza vaccine strain selection 尚无充分证据证明人工智能在季节性流感疫苗毒株筛选中具备优势 Simon P. J. de JongColin A. Russell Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2395–2397 24 Reply to: Limited evidence of AI superiority in seasonal influenza vaccine strain selection 对《尚无充分证据证明人工智能在季节性流感疫苗毒株筛选中具备优势》一文的回应 Wenxian ShiJeremy WohlwendRegina Barzilay Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2398–2400 Brief Communications（简讯） 25 Spatiotemporal diffusion of the 2024 Oropouche outbreak in Cuba 2024年古巴奥罗普切热暴发的时空传播特征 Rosario GravierMelissa M. PerezMaria G. Guzman Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2401–2404 26 General-purpose large language models outperform specialized clinical AI tools on medical benchmarks 通用大语言模型在医学基准测试中优于专用临床人工智能工具 Krithik VishwanathAnton AlyakinEric Karl Oermann Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2405–2409 Articles（论著） 27 Electronic cigarette use after smoking cessation and lung cancer risk 戒烟后使用电子烟与肺癌风险 Yeon Wook KimEung Joo ParkChoon-Taek Lee Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2410–2419 28 Ciltacabtagene autoleucel in high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma: the CAR-PRISM phase 2 trial Ciltacabtagene autoleucel治疗高危冒烟型（无症状）多发性骨髓瘤：CAR-PRISMⅡ期临床试验 Omar NadeemDavid M. Cordas dos SantosIrene M. Ghobrial Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2420–2429 29 Cibisatamab and FAP-4-1BBL in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer: a phase 1b trial Cibisatamab联合FAP-4-1BBL治疗微卫星稳定型结直肠癌：Ⅰb期临床试验 Ignacio MeleroTamara TanosVictor Moreno Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2430–2439 30 Teclistamab-based induction treatment in transplant-eligible, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a phase 2 trial 基于Teclistamab的诱导方案治疗适合移植初诊多发性骨髓瘤：Ⅱ期临床试验 Marc S. RaabNiels WeinholdK. Martin Kortüm Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2440–2448 31 Anti-LAG-3 with or without anti-PD-1 in recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 1 trial 抗LAG-3单抗联合或不联合抗PD-1单抗治疗复发性胶质母细胞瘤：Ⅰ期临床试验 Michael LimXiaobu YeStuart A. Grossman Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2449–2460 32 Neoadjuvant stereotactic body radiation therapy with durvalumab and oleclumab in ER+HER2− breast cancer: a randomized phase 2 trial 立体定向体部放疗联合度伐利尤单抗与奥来鲁单抗新辅助治疗ER阳性HER2阴性乳腺癌：随机Ⅱ期临床试验 Alex De CaluwéIsabelle DesmoulinsLaurence Buisseret Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2461–2472 33 Post-adjuvant chemotherapy in ctDNA-positive patients with resected colorectal cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial ctDNA阳性结直肠癌术后辅助化疗：随机Ⅲ期临床试验 Hideaki BandoJun WatanabeTakeshi Kato Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2473–2480 34 Multi-antigen-targeting T cells in pediatric central nervous system tumors: a phase 1 trial 多抗原靶向T细胞治疗儿童中枢神经系统肿瘤：Ⅰ期临床试验 Stephanie GomezRachel A. DiCioccioEugene I. Hwang Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2481–2493 35 AI framework for multidisease detection via retinal imaging 基于视网膜影像的多疾病筛查人工智能框架 Xiayin ZhangQinyi LiHonghua Yu Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2494–2503 36 Long-term independent use of an intracortical brain–computer interface for speech and cursor control 皮层内脑机接口用于语音与光标控制的长期独立应用研究 Nicholas S. CardTyler Singer-ClarkDavid M. Brandman Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2504–2510 37 Adjuvanted inactivated rabies virus-vectored Lassa virus vaccine in healthy adults: a phase 1 trial 含佐剂灭活狂犬病毒载体拉沙病毒疫苗在健康成人中的Ⅰ期临床试验 Justin R. OrtizDrishya KurupMatthias J. Schnell Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2511–2521 38 Favipiravir for Lassa fever: an open-label, randomized controlled phase 2 trial 法匹拉韦治疗拉沙热：开放标签随机对照Ⅱ期临床试验 Cyril EramehKevin OkwaraekeMirjam Groger Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2522–2532 39 Bispecific 10E8.4/iMab broadly neutralizing antibody in people with or without HIV-1: a partially randomized phase 1 trial 双特异性广谱中和抗体10E8.4/iMab在HIV-1感染者与健康人群中的部分随机Ⅰ期临床试验 Deborah A. TheodoreBryan T. MayerMagdalena E. Sobieszczyk Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2533–2545 40 15-strain live biotherapeutic product or same donor fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: a randomized phase 1b trial 15菌株活体生物制剂与同源供体粪菌移植治疗复发性艰难梭菌感染：随机Ⅰb期临床试验 Lukas BethlehemLorenza BartuAri Grinspan Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2546–2555 41 Innate immune responsiveness predicts enhanced cellular immunity and symptomatic disease after controlled human influenza infection 固有免疫应答水平可预测人工流感感染后细胞免疫增强与临床发病情况 Loukas PapargyrisJiayun XuChristopher Chiu Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2556–2569 42 Efficacy and target engagement of dopamine agonist pramipexole for anhedonic depression: a randomized placebo-controlled trial 多巴胺激动剂普拉克索治疗快感缺失型抑郁症的疗效与靶点作用验证：随机安慰剂对照试验 Filip VentorpMarie AspDaniel Lindqvist Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2570–2578 43 Spinal cord stimulation for upper limb motor function in people with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis: a feasibility trial 脊髓电刺激改善慢性卒中后偏瘫患者上肢运动功能：可行性临床试验 Roberto M. de FreitasShovan BhatiaMarco Capogrosso Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2579–2590 44 A neuroprosthesis for restoring hand movement and sensation in a person with complete tetraplegia 神经假体用于重建完全四肢瘫痪患者手部运动与感觉功能 Santosh ChandrasekaranSarah K. WandeltChad E. Bouton Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages pages2591–2601 45 Dual-target gene therapy in Parkinson’s disease: a multicenter phase 1 trial 双靶点基因疗法治疗帕金森病：多中心Ⅰ期临床试验 Mengyue NiuJifeng GuoJun Liu Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2602–2609 46 Abatacept versus hydroxychloroquine for prevention of rheumatoid arthritis in individuals with palindromic rheumatism: a randomized open-label trial 阿巴西普对比羟氯喹预防复发性风湿症进展为类风湿关节炎：随机开放标签试验 Raimon SanmartiCarolina Pérez-GarcíaIsabel Haro Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2610–2618 47 Oligonucleotide–siRNA conjugate for SOD1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a phase 1 trial 寡核苷酸-siRNA偶联药物治疗SOD1相关肌萎缩侧索硬化：Ⅰ期临床试验 Weiqi ChenLingling JiangYilong Wang Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2619–2628 48 Multinational validation of the PREVENT and SCORE2心血管风险方程 across 6.4 million individuals 基于640万人群的多国验证：PREVENT与SCORE2心血管风险预测方程 Brendon L. NeuenRupert W. MajorVilmantas Giedraitis Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2629–2638 49 Cliramitug for depletion of cardiac amyloid transthyretin: long-term follow-up of the NI006-101 trial Cliramitug清除心脏转甲状腺素蛋白淀粉样物质：NI006-101试验长期随访结果 Peter C. KahrFabian aus dem SiepenPeter van der Meer Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2639–2646 50 Low-dose digoxin in patients with heart failure with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction: a randomized controlled trial 小剂量地高辛治疗射血分数降低或轻度降低心力衰竭：随机对照试验 D. J. van VeldhuisenM. RienstraP. van der Meer Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2647–2653 51 The microRNA inhibitor CDR132L in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction after myocardial infarction: a randomized phase 2 trial 微小RNA抑制剂CDR132L治疗心肌梗死后左室射血分数降低患者：随机Ⅱ期临床试验 Johann BauersachsScott D. SolomonThomas Thum Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2654–2661 52 Semaglutide versus placebo in individuals with poor weight loss after bariatric surgery: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial 司美格鲁肽对比安慰剂治疗减重手术术后减重不佳人群：双盲随机安慰剂对照试验 Chloe StanleyRitwika MallikJanine Makaronidis Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2662–2672 53 Apitegromab for lean mass preservation during tirzepatide-induced weight loss: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial Apitegromab用于替尔泊肽减重过程中维持瘦体重：随机双盲安慰剂对照Ⅱ期临床试验 Richard E. PratleyDouglas Scott DenhamJing L. Marantz Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2673–2678 54 Orforglipron for maintenance of body weight reduction: the double-blind, randomized phase 3b ATTAIN-MAINTAIN trial Orforglipron用于维持减重效果：双盲随机Ⅲb期ATTAIN-MAINTAIN试验 Louis J. AronneDeborah B. HornNeena Xavier Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, pages 2679–2687 Amendments & Corrections（勘误与更正） 55 Author Correction: Teclistamab-based induction treatment in transplant-eligible, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a phase 2 trial 作者更正：基于Teclistamab的诱导方案治疗适合移植初诊多发性骨髓瘤：Ⅱ期临床试验 Marc S. RaabNiels WeinholdK. Martin Kortüm Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, page 2688 56 Author Correction: Digital AVATAR therapy for distressing voices in psychosis: the phase 2/3 AVATAR2 trial 作者更正：数字虚拟化身疗法治疗精神病幻听症状：Ⅱ/Ⅲ期AVATAR2临床试验 Philippa A. GaretyClementine J. EdwardsThomas Ward Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, page 2689 57 Author Correction: Global burden of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use in 204 countries, 1990–2023: a Global Burden of Disease Study 作者更正：1990–2023年204个国家苯丙胺、大麻、可卡因与阿片类物质使用的全球疾病负担研究 Jiseung KangHyeon Jin KimDong Keon Yon Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, page 2690 58 Retraction Note: Time-of-day immunochemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial 撤稿声明：时辰免疫化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌：随机Ⅲ期临床试验 Zhe HuangLiang ZengYongchang Zhang Nature Medicine volume 32（7）, page 2691 Nature Medicine Volume 32 Issue 8 自然医学 32卷 8期 https://www.nature.com/nm/volumes/32/issues/8 Editorial（社论） 1 Anti‑aging interventions need less hype and more clinical evidence 抗衰老干预：少一些炒作，多一些临床证据 Editorial Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, page 2693 News（新闻） 2 A turning point for gene editing in severe blood disorders 基因编辑治疗重症血液疾病迎来转折点 Carrie Arnold Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2694-2696 News Feature（新闻特写） 3 Sleep as therapy 睡眠疗法 Carrie Arnold Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2697–2700 Correspondence（通信） 4 Genetic–exposome interactions and aging clocks in dementia: the ReDLat2 initiative 遗传‑暴露组相互作用与痴呆衰老时钟：ReDLat2研究计划 Agustin IbáñezJennifer S. YokoyamaBruce L. Miller Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2701–2703 5 Bundibugyo Ebola without vaccines or therapeutics: why public health fundamentals matter more than border closures 无疫苗与治疗药物情况下的本迪布焦埃博拉疫情：公共卫生基础措施比边境封锁更为重要 Ngashi NgongoMosoka Papa FallahJean Kaseya Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2704–2705 6 Fertilizer scarcity as a failure of global health governance 肥料短缺：全球卫生治理的一项失败 Alaha NasariAmina NasariJessica Fanzo Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2706–2707 7 Mapping the human chemical exposome for public health 面向公共卫生的人类化学暴露组图谱绘制 Arthur DavidSarah LennonMichel Samson Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2708–2710 World View（全球视野） 8 When caution becomes harm 当谨慎变为伤害 Simone N. Vigod Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, page 2711 Comment（述评） 9 Enabling secure discovery in trusted research environments with improved tooling 依托优化工具在可信研究环境中实现安全数据挖掘 Vincent J. StraubMelinda C. Mills Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2712–2715 10 Reinventing biotech systems for patient impact 重塑生物技术体系，惠及患者 Kushal T. KadakiaYashodhara DashAnaeze C. Offodile II Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2716–2719 11 Why large‑scale randomized trials of live‑attenuated shingles vaccination for dementia prevention are urgently needed 亟需开展减毒活带状疱疹疫苗预防痴呆的大规模随机对照试验 Pascal Geldsetzer Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2720–2723 12 Inspiring, shaping and sustaining an African research & development agenda 推动、构建并维系非洲研发议程 Mosoka P. FallahMisaki WayengeraJean Kaseya Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2724–2726 13 Data rights are the missing pillar for modernizing consent in medicine 数据权利：医学知情同意现代化的缺失支柱 Nada S. Salem Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2727–2728 Q&A（问答） 14 Reinventing health communication for the digital era 数字时代下重塑健康传播 Natalie Healey Collection: Nature Medicine Commission on Quality Health Information for All Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2729–2731 News & Views（新闻与观点） 15 Adaptive brain stimulation 2.0 for Parkinsonian gait 用于帕金森病步态障碍的第二代自适应脑刺激 Arjun BalachandarAlfonso Fasano Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2732–2734 16 A second chance for gene therapy to restore natural hearing 基因治疗重获契机，助力恢复天然听力 Nicola Strenzke Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2735–2737 17 From RAS inhibitor resistance to rational combination strategies 从RAS抑制剂耐药到合理联合治疗策略 Paula LynchTeresa MacarullaGrainne M. O’Kane Collection: Cancer at Nature Portfolio Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2738–2740 18 Deciphering the role of histidine in cancer 解析组氨酸在肿瘤中的作用 Feyza CansizAmanda N. PopeAlpaslan Tasdogan Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2741–2742 Research Briefings（研究简报） 19 Learning from routine health system data builds better neuroimaging AI models 基于常规卫生系统数据训练构建更优神经影像人工智能模型 Research Briefing Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2743–2744 20 Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease with circular RNA from blood 基于血液环状RNA实现阿尔茨海默病早期检测 Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2745–2746 21 Non‑invasive tests for the evaluation of liver fibrosis in MASLD 代谢相关脂肪性肝病肝纤维化的无创评估检测 Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2747–2748 22 Multi‑omics maps human–pig interactions in extracorporeal liver cross‑circulation 多组学解析体外肝交叉循环中人‑猪相互作用 Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2749–2750 23 Biological aging might help to explain the rising risk of early‑onset cancer 生物衰老或可解释早发性肿瘤风险升高现象 Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2751–2752 24 Delivering the benefits of genomic data reanalysis for diagnosis equitably and at scale 公平、规模化发挥基因组数据再分析的诊断价值 Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2753–2754 25 Why high scores do not mean application readiness for health AI 为何高分不等于健康人工智能具备实际应用就绪度 Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2755–2756 Perspectives（观点） 26 Type 2 diabetes prevention across the life course 全生命周期的2型糖尿病预防 Yiying WangJennifer L. SargentAndreas L. Birkenfeld Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2757–2773 27 The next generation of antibody–drug conjugates 新一代抗体‑药物偶联物 F. MoseleA. PeltierF. André Collection: Cancer at Nature Portfolio Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2774–2785 Brief Communications（简讯） 28 Clinical profile and genomic characterization of the 2026 Bundibugyo virus index case in Uganda 乌干达2026年本迪布焦病毒首发病例的临床特征与基因组分析 Andrew NsawotebbaIsaac SsewanyanaDiana Atwine Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2786–2789 Articles（论著） 29 Immersive virtual reality with synchronous neurostimulation for upper‑limb recovery after stroke: a randomized feasibility trial 沉浸式虚拟现实联合同步神经刺激用于脑卒中后上肢功能恢复：一项随机可行性试验 Giuseppe Valerio AurucciOlivera DjordjevicStanisa Raspopovic Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2790–2802 30 Adaptive deep brain stimulation for dynamic gait control in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized feasibility trial 自适应深部脑刺激用于帕金森病动态步态调控：一项随机可行性试验 Kenneth H. LouieJannine P. BalakidDoris D. Wang Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2803–2814 31 Activity‑dependent adaptive deep brain stimulation improves gait in Parkinson’s disease 活动依赖性自适应深部脑刺激改善帕金森病患者步态 Stefano ScafaValeria de SetaEduardo M. Moraud Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2815–2830 32 Health system learning enables generalist neuroimaging models 基于卫生系统数据学习构建通用型神经影像模型 Akhil KondepudiAkshay RaoTodd Hollon Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2831–2837 33 Individualized antisense oligonucleotides for SCN2A‑related developmental epileptic encephalopathy 针对SCN2A相关发育性癫痫性脑病的个体化反义寡核苷酸治疗 Olivia Kim‑McManusLaurence MignonElizabeth Berry‑Kravis Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2838–2845 34 Re‑administration of AAV‑mediated gene therapy for OTOF‑related deafness: a single‑arm trial OTOF相关耳聋腺相关病毒介导基因治疗的再次给药：一项单臂临床试验 Xintai FanLonglong ZhangYilai Shu Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2846–2856 35 Blood‑based circular RNAs for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease 基于血液环状RNA的阿尔茨海默病早期诊断 Bridget PhillipsJessie SanfordCarlos Cruchaga Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2857–2864 36 Acquired resistance to the RAS(ON) multi‑selective inhibitor daraxonrasib guides rational combination therapy strategies in pancreatic cancer RAS(ON)高选择性抑制剂daraxonrasib获得性耐药指导胰腺癌合理联合治疗策略 Ida AronchikSumit KarMallika Singh Collection: Cancer at Nature Portfolio Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2865–2877 37 MAGE‑A4/MAGE‑A8‑targeted TCR‑based bispecific T cell engager in recurrent and/or refractory solid tumors: a phase 1 trial 靶向MAGE‑A4/MAGE‑A8的TCR双特异性T细胞衔接分子治疗复发/难治性实体瘤：Ⅰ期临床试验 Martin WermkeSebastian OchsenreitherCarsten Reinhardt Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2878–2887 38 Savolitinib in MET‑amplified gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a phase 2 trial 赛沃替尼治疗MET扩增胃癌或胃食管结合部腺癌：Ⅱ期临床试验 Zhi PengTianshu LiuZhongxian Zheng Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2888–2897 39 SEZ6‑targeting antibody−drug conjugate ABBV‑706 in advanced small cell lung cancer and solid tumors: a phase 1 trial 靶向SEZ6抗体‑药物偶联物ABBV‑706治疗晚期小细胞肺癌及其他实体瘤：Ⅰ期临床试验 Lauren Averett ByersByoung Chul ChoSreenivasa Chandana Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2898–2908 40 FcRH5×CD3 bispecific antibody cevostamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: a phase 1 trial FcRH5×CD3双特异性抗体ce vostamab治疗复发难治多发性骨髓瘤：Ⅰ期临床试验 Adam D. CohenJoshua RichterAmrita Krishnan Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2909–2917 41 Metabolic determinants of cancer immunotherapy outcomes identified by plasma profiling 基于血浆谱分析筛选肿瘤免疫治疗疗效的代谢决定因素 Déborah SuissaMarine FidelleLaurence Zitvogel Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2918–2932 42 Polypill for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the POLY‑HF randomized trial 射血分数降低心力衰竭复方制剂：POLY‑HF随机临床试验 Ambarish PandeyNeil KeshvaniThomas J. Wang Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2933–2940 43 Oral small molecule GLP‑1 receptor agonist aleniglipron in people with overweight or obesity: a randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled phase 2b trial 口服小分子GLP‑1受体激动剂aleniglipron治疗超重/肥胖人群：随机双盲安慰剂对照Ⅱb期临床试验 Julio RosenstockIldiko LingvayBlai Coll Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2941–2947 44 Survodutide in adults with obesity and metabolic dysfunction‑associated steatotic liver disease: SYNCHRONIZE‑MASLD, a randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled phase 3 trial Survodutide治疗合并代谢相关脂肪性肝病的肥胖成人：SYNCHRONIZE‑MASLD随机双盲安慰剂对照Ⅲ期临床试验 Lee M. KaplanElena StartsevaPaul Hellstern Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2948–2958 45 Prospective validation of imaging and serum diagnostic biomarkers of steatohepatitis and fibrosis in MASLD: the LITMUS Imaging Study 代谢相关脂肪性肝炎及肝纤维化影像与血清诊断生物标志物的前瞻性验证：LITMUS影像研究 Michael PavlidesYasaman ValiQuentin M. Anstee Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2959–2969 46 Longitudinal multiomics profiling of extracorporeal cross‑circulation with pig liver xenografts in human decedents 人逝者猪肝异种移植体外交叉循环的纵向多组学分析 Qian GuoChan WangBrendan J. Keating Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2970–2982 47 Biological aging and generational shifts in early‑onset cancer risk 生物衰老与早发性肿瘤风险的代际变迁 Ruiyi TianXiaoyu ZongYin Cao Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2983–2990 48 Automated reanalysis of genomic data for rare disease diagnostics at scale 面向大规模罕见病诊断的基因组数据自动化再分析 Matthew J. WellandK. D. AhlquistZornitza Stark Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 2991–2999 49 Divergent impacts of explainable AI for dermatological diagnosis on clinicians versus lay people 可解释人工智能皮肤病诊断对临床医师与普通人群的差异化影响 Xuhai ‘Orson’ XuHaoyu HuMarzyeh Ghassemi Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 3000–3009 50 Generalizable AI predicts immunotherapy outcomes across cancers and treatments 泛化人工智能跨肿瘤类型与治疗方案预测免疫治疗疗效 Wanxiang ShenIntae MoonMarinka Zitnik Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 3010–3022 51 Evaluating the robustness and readiness of large frontier models in health AI applications 健康人工智能应用中大前沿模型的稳健性与就绪度评估 Yu GuJingjing FuPaul Vozila Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 3023–3031 52 Generative AI‑enabled clinical decision support system in primary care: a pragmatic, cluster‑randomized trial 基层医疗机构生成式人工智能临床决策支持系统：一项实用整群随机试验 Ambrose AgweyuPaul MwanikiBilal A. Mateen Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 3032–3039 53 Integrated care pathway in individuals with Long COVID: STIMULATE‑ICP, a cluster‑randomized, phase 3 trial 长新冠患者综合护理路径：STIMULATE‑ICP整群随机Ⅲ期临床试验 Amitava BanerjeeGordon PrescottYi Mu Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 3040–3047 54 Maternal 6‑valent group B Streptococcus vaccine in non‑pregnant and pregnant females: a randomized phase 1/2 trial B族链球菌六价母体疫苗在非妊娠及妊娠女性中的随机Ⅰ/Ⅱ期临床试验 Shabir A. MadhiHasra SnaggsAlejandra Gurtman Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 3048–3059 55 The genetic architecture of fibromyalgia across 2.5 million individuals 基于250万人群的纤维肌痛遗传结构研究 Isabel KerrebijnGyda BjornsdottirMichael Wainberg Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 3060–3070 56 Povorcitinib for hidradenitis suppurativa: the randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled STOP‑HS1 and STOP‑HS2 phase 3 trials Povorcitinib治疗化脓性汗腺炎：随机双盲安慰剂对照STOP‑HS1、STOP‑HS2两项Ⅲ期临床试验 Martina L. PorterAntonio MartorellChristos C. Zouboulis Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 3071–3081 Analysis（分析） 57 A meta‑analysis of the long‑term effects of antihypertensive therapy on the risk of major cardiovascular disease across 51 randomized trials 纳入51项随机试验的降压治疗对主要心血管病风险长期影响的荟萃分析 Qianqian YangZeinab BidelKazem Rahimi Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, pages 3082–3092 Amendments & Corrections（修订与勘误） 58 Author Correction: SEZ6‑targeting antibody−drug conjugate ABBV‑706 in advanced small cell lung cancer and solid tumors: a phase 1 trial 作者勘误：靶向SEZ6抗体‑药物偶联物ABBV‑706治疗晚期小细胞肺癌及其他实体瘤：Ⅰ期临床试验 Lauren Averett ByersByoung Chul ChoSreenivasa Chandana Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, page 3093 59 Author Correction: MAGE‑A4/MAGE‑A8‑targeted TCR‑based bispecific T cell engager in recurrent and/or refractory solid tumors: a phase 1 trial 作者勘误：靶向MAGE‑A4/MAGE‑A8的TCR双特异性T细胞衔接分子治疗复发/难治性实体瘤：Ⅰ期临床试验 Martin WermkeSebastian OchsenreitherCarsten Reinhardt Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, page 3094 60 Publisher Correction: Oral small molecule GLP‑1 receptor agonist aleniglipron in people with overweight or obesity: a randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled phase 2b trial 出版方勘误：口服小分子GLP‑1受体激动剂aleniglipron治疗超重/肥胖人群：随机双盲安慰剂对照Ⅱb期临床试验 Julio RosenstockIldiko LingvayBlai Coll Nature Medicine volume 32（8）, page 3095

临床研究细胞疗法免疫疗法基因疗法

100 项与苯丙胺相关的药物交易

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外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	苯丙胺	N06BA01	DB00182

研发状态

批准上市

10 条最早获批的记录,

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适应症	国家/地区	公司	日期
注意缺陷障碍伴多动	美国	Neos Therapeutics LP	2016-01-27
注意缺陷障碍伴多动	美国	Neos Therapeutics, Inc.	2016-01-27

未上市

10 条进展最快的记录,

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适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
精神障碍	药物发现	美国	The Howard Hughes Medical Institute	2001-12-18

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临床结果

适应症

分期

评价

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


NCT03834766 (CTgov)	临床3期	注意缺陷障碍伴多动	130	AMPH+20 mg (AMPH ER Tab)	餘簾餘鑰壓窪選製鏇範(願夢鑰憲廠蓋觸網窪願) = 選顧積遞鹽糧糧鏇鹹蓋餘願觸夢膚鹹糧繭繭夢 (獵壓網顧衊齋鏇衊選網, 69.40) 更多	-	2023-11-02
				AMPH ER Tab Matching Placebo 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg (Matching Placebo)	餘簾餘鑰壓窪選製鏇範(願夢鑰憲廠蓋觸網窪願) = 膚選遞製遞糧鬱網範衊餘願觸夢膚鹹糧繭繭夢 (獵壓網顧衊齋鏇衊選網, 77.75) 更多
NCT02058693 (CTgov)	临床4期	重度抑郁症	41	mixed salts amphetamine (Group 1(A): Placebo/MSA)	壓繭遞製鹹餘廠鬱製構(膚壓壓鹹醖膚顧願遞鏇) = 艱構淵製餘網鹹淵膚蓋鏇選遞夢選鑰夢獵構膚 (鏇衊鹽積願窪製鏇選顧, 8.4896) 更多	-	2023-06-15
				mixed salts amphetamine (Group 2(B): MSA/MSA)	壓繭遞製鹹餘廠鬱製構(膚壓壓鹹醖膚顧願遞鏇) = 蓋範襯顧鹹鹽齋糧鑰網鏇選遞夢選鑰夢獵構膚 (鏇衊鹽積願窪製鏇選顧, 5.33) 更多
NCT03834766 (Pubmed \| J Clin Psychiatry) 人工标引	临床3期	注意缺陷障碍伴多动 \| 注意缺陷障碍	90	Amphetamine Extended-Release Tablets	醖遞襯齋夢憲願憲顧繭(簾願鑰鏇鏇鑰繭願選窪) = 範齋鹽蓋鏇壓艱餘憲範顧鬱壓網遞範憲願憲鹹 (餘鹽築蓋窪鹹鏇網廠顧 )	积极	2022-07-20
				Placebo	醖遞襯齋夢憲願憲顧繭(簾願鑰鏇鏇鑰繭願選窪) = 選選鑰淵構選鹽醖襯積顧鬱壓網遞範憲願憲鹹 (餘鹽築蓋窪鹹鏇網廠顧 )
NCT03242772 (CTgov)	临床2期	自闭症谱系障碍 \| 心房中隔缺损 \| 注意缺陷障碍伴多动	18	ESDM informed parent coaching+Amphetamine (ESDM Informed Parent Coaching + Amphetamine)	鑰遞範築網齋醖壓窪鹽(廠憲鏇膚窪觸艱衊選網) = 憲構淵夢膚鑰構遞簾鑰選憲顧鹹壓蓋糧鹽淵鑰 (膚鹹網遞鬱鑰廠範淵製, 5.34) 更多	-	2022-03-09
				ESDM informed parent coaching (ESDM Informed Parent Coaching + Placebo Oral Tablet)	鑰遞範築網齋醖壓窪鹽(廠憲鏇膚窪觸艱衊選網) = 選蓋憲鬱餘網願獵壓壓選憲顧鹹壓蓋糧鹽淵鑰 (膚鹹網遞鬱鑰廠範淵製, 6.89) 更多
NCT02083783 (CTgov)	临床3期	注意缺陷障碍伴多动	108	TRI102 (TRI102)	鹹蓋顧範鑰醖窪選艱襯(淵鹽夢壓鏇網觸鹽齋鹹) = 顧鹹糧顧繭遞鏇鹹繭鬱艱蓋簾願願襯鏇淵夢齋 (憲遞鏇繭壓襯壓鏇齋範, 7.51) 更多	-	2020-08-26
				Placebo (Placebo)	鹹蓋顧範鑰醖窪選艱襯(淵鹽夢壓鏇網觸鹽齋鹹) = 獵壓襯鏇簾廠憲廠積獵艱蓋簾願願襯鏇淵夢齋 (憲遞鏇繭壓襯壓鏇齋範, 7.85) 更多
NCT02020408 (CTgov)	临床4期	暴食症 \| 喂食及进食障碍	88	[11C]DASB+[11C]raclopride+amphetamine	廠蓋廠願築積繭繭醖夢(網顧範糧蓋艱選繭網淵) = 鏇淵遞遞廠餘衊餘選獵獵鹽餘餘鬱蓋醖膚衊簾 (齋簾鏇壓壓廠積網廠憲, 觸製夢鹽衊糧艱壓鏇鑰 ~ 獵鬱鬱窪範憲壓網蓋壓) 更多	-	2020-04-27
NCT01847027 (CTgov)	临床2期	-	23	NutraStem (Active Supplement)	簾夢構糧襯顧淵顧衊艱(觸衊夢簾觸選鏇醖鑰鏇) = 壓積觸觸齋願蓋積夢壓壓遞廠鬱願淵繭壓積簾 (顧網範餘選鏇繭築觸鑰, 0.39) 更多	-	2019-05-29
				Placebo (Sugar Pill)	簾夢構糧襯顧淵顧衊艱(觸衊夢簾觸選鏇醖鑰鏇) = 遞願憲鏇齋壓遞遞蓋觸壓遞廠鬱願淵繭壓積簾 (顧網範餘選鏇繭築觸鑰, 0.15) 更多
NCT02604407 (CTgov)	临床3期	注意缺陷障碍伴多动	275	Placebo (Placebo)	構築繭獵製選觸窪蓋顧(淵衊獵網選鏇遞艱築鹹) = 鑰壓簾壓蓋顧膚鏇壓鹹鹽醖繭遞艱醖壓鹽鬱遞 (鏇夢簾鹽憲築糧鹹範鹽, 6.52) 更多	-	2017-06-14
				SHP465 12.5mg capsules (one capsule daily) (SHP465 12.5 mg)	構築繭獵製選觸窪蓋顧(淵衊獵網選鏇遞艱築鹹) = 淵獵膚鏇簾願繭醖觸積鹽醖繭遞艱醖壓鹽鬱遞 (鏇夢簾鹽憲築糧鹹範鹽, 6.38) 更多
NCT00252174 (CTgov)	临床2期	焦虑症 \| 晚期癌症	2	MDMA (Stage 1, Active)	餘膚醖簾繭繭憲觸鹹簾(憲範選廠範壓遞獵製獵) = 蓋艱糧壓廠鏇簾齋夢鑰窪鏇襯觸蓋醖餘獵壓鬱 (繭壓簾鬱築範淵蓋窪築, 鹹願膚襯積獵鏇網淵壓 ~ 鬱窪觸積簾蓋積簾齋鬱) 更多	-	2017-05-05
				MDMA (Stage 1, Control)	餘膚醖簾繭繭憲觸鹹簾(憲範選廠範壓遞獵製獵) = 醖壓衊網遞獵艱觸獵鑰窪鏇襯觸蓋醖餘獵壓鬱 (繭壓簾鬱築範淵蓋窪築, 夢窪壓蓋壓製壓築鬱獵 ~ 簾夢選齋觸壓鹽衊糧積) 更多
NCT00733993 (CTgov)	临床1/2期	可卡因相关疾病	23	Placebo (2 Placebo)	鹽鹹構夢鏇衊淵壓遞膚(願積築簾鹹蓋蓋壓遞築) = 鹽鏇憲鏇製齋夢遞鬱艱膚廠衊窪繭願選鏇網糧 (鹹蓋願鹹獵範蓋餘繭遞, 觸獵鏇蓋鏇壓構夢顧觸 ~ 壓齋顧鬱餘遞遞構廠衊) 更多	-	2017-03-22
				Amphetamine (3 Amphetamine)	鹽鹹構夢鏇衊淵壓遞膚(願積築簾鹹蓋蓋壓遞築) = 蓋鏇築鹽獵簾鬱襯鬱鹹膚廠衊窪繭願選鏇網糧 (鹹蓋願鹹獵範蓋餘繭遞, 構鏇繭憲淵選範夢遞觸 ~ 窪獵餘鬱築壓糧積廠膚) 更多